Design and Synthesis of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals. 25. An Approach to New Materials for Ultra-Fast Electronic Electro-Optic Modulators

Walba, David M.; Dyer, Daniel J.; Chen, Xin Hua; Müller, Uwe; Cobben, P.L.H.M.; Shao, Renfan; Clark, Noel A.

doi:10.1080/10587259608034586

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The only requirement imposed on the molecule is the existence of nonzero . Using the permutation properties of , one can write it as (10) Here, the hyperpolarizability given in molecular frame is transformed into laboratory coordinates with orthogonal rotation matrix ( and stand for basis vectors of laboratory and molecular frame, respectively). In writing (10), we could have chosen to calculate any nonzero combination of the tensor hyperpolarizability.…”

Section: A Uniaxial Alignment Of -Chromophores-chromophore and Symmementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most -shaped molecules can be approximated well as a planar (two-dimensional) object so that the only nonzero Cartesian components of are , , and (assuming is the two-fold axis and is the plane of the molecule). The second-rank tensor is given by (11) Combining (10) and (11) results in the expression for the alignment scheme. The rotation matrix can be defined in terms of Euler angles, thus making the order parameter a function of three orientation angles of the chromophore in the bulk.…”

Section: A Uniaxial Alignment Of -Chromophores-chromophore and Symmementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of this and intrinsic interest in chirality in general, there has been a recent increase of activity involving the macroscopic nonlinear optical properties of chiral materials [4]- [9]. However, work that has appeared discussing the molecular aspects necessary for obtaining a large nonlinear response in chiral media has mainly focused on polar media [10], [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospects for chiral nonlinear optical media

Ostroverkhov

Ostroverkhova

Petschek

et al. 2001

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

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This paper describes the development and optimization of chiral, nonpolar media with large second-order nonlinear optical responses. We employ molecular engineering, quantum-mechanical sum-overstates theory, and measurements of molecular hyperpolarizability by means of Kleinman-disallowed hyper-Rayleigh scattering in order to understand molecular properties. Then we analyze the appropriate arrangement of the chromophores that produce an optimum axial nonlinear optical medium. Chromophores with large Kleinman disallowed traceless symmetric second-rank tensor hyperpolarizabilities can be aligned so as to result in large susceptibilities (2) in structures that lack polar order. We found that 3-shaped chromophores with 2 or similar symmetry are good candidates for these materials, as they can exhibit large second-rank components of the hyperpolarizability tensor. A wide variety of techniques can be used to fabricate bulk materials belonging to the chiral nonpolar symmetry groups and 2. The microscopic chromophore alignment schemes that optimize the nonlinear optical response in such materials are deduced from general symmetry consideration for both molecules and bulk. We also speculate on the possible application of such materials as high-bandwidth spatial light modulators.

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Section: A Uniaxial Alignment Of -Chromophores-chromophore and Symmementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Uniaxial Alignment Of -Chromophores-chromophore and Symmementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospects for chiral nonlinear optical media

Ostroverkhov

Ostroverkhova

Petschek

et al. 2001

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

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“…3 However, in contrast little has appeared discussing the molecular aspects necessary for obtaining a large nonlinear response in chiral media. 4,5 We have recently described a scheme to optimize molecular properties of multidimensional NLO chromophores for use in chiral nonlinear materials using molecular engineering, and including sum-over-states quantum-mechanical calculations and measurements of the rotational invariants of molecular hyperpolarizability b by means of Kleinman-disallowed hyper-Rayleigh scattering. 6 Alternative nonpolar methods of alignment exploit the tensorial nature of the molecular hyperpolarizability b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the nonlinear optical response in chiral media

et al. 2001

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This paper describes the development and optimization of chiral, non-polar media with large second-order nonlinear optical responses. We employ molecular engineering, quantum-mechanical sum-over-states theory, and measurements of molecular hyperpolarizability by means of Kleinman-disallowed hyper-Rayleigh scattering in order to understand molecular properties. Then we analyze the appropriate arrangement of the chromophores that produce an optimum axial nonlinear optical medium. Chromophores with large Kleinman disallowed traceless symmetric second rank tensor hyper-polarizabilities β can be aligned so as to result in large susceptibilities, χ (2) , in structures that lack polar order. We found that L-shaped chromophores with C 2v or similar symmetry are good candidates for these materials as they can exhibit large second-rank components of the hyperpolarizability tensor. A wide variety of techniques can be used to fabricate bulk materials belonging to the chiral non-polar symmetry groups, D ∞ and D 2 . The microscopic chromophore alignment schemes that optimize the NLO response in such materials are deduced from general symmetry consideration for both molecules and bulk.

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