Design and simulative experiment of an innovative trailing edge morphing mechanism driven by artificial muscles embedded in skin

Li, Hongda; Liu, Long; Xiao, Tianhang; Ang, Haisong

doi:10.1088/0964-1726/25/9/095004

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A conventional wing with deflecting control surfaces and a morphing wing with varying camber is shown in Figure 2. Most of the morphing wing research works focus on either the design and implementation of morphing concepts using selected materials and structures [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], or the analysis A major and well-acclaimed aerodynamic benefit of a morphing structure is from its potential to create unusual and substantial shape changes that could satisfy various flight conditions, which a conventional aircraft could not generate. On the basis of these changes one can expect to implement, design, and test morphing wings and equip aircrafts to optimize their flight condition, which could also imply that the morphing aircraft could fly longer, consume less fuel, be more energy effective, and more agile than the same weight conventional ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Aerodynamic Performance Analysis of Camber Morphing and Conventional Airfoils

Majid

Joe

2021

Applied Sciences

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This paper aims to numerically validate the aerodynamic performance and benefits of variable camber rate morphing wings, by comparing them to conventional ones with plain flaps, when deflection angles vary, assessing their D reduction or L/D improvement. Many morphing-related research works mainly focus on the design of morphing mechanisms using smart materials, and innovative mechanism designs through materials and structure advancements. However, the foundational work that establishes the motivation of morphing technology development has been overlooked in most research works. All things considered, this paper starts with the verification of the numerical model used for the aerodynamic performance analysis and then conducts the aerodynamic performance analysis of (1) variable camber rate in morphing wings and (2) variable deflection angles in conventional wings. Finally, we find matching pairs for a direct comparison to validate the effectiveness of morphing wings. As a result, we validate that variable camber morphing wings, equivalent to conventional wings with varying flap deflection angles, are improved by at least 1.7% in their L/D ratio, and up to 18.7% in their angle of attack, with α = 8° at a 3% camber morphing rate. Overall, in the entire range of α, which conceptualizes aircrafts mission planning for operation, camber morphing wings are superior in D, L/D, and their improvement rate over conventional ones. By providing the improvement rates in L/D, this paper numerically evaluates and validates the efficiency of camber morphing aircraft, the most important aspect of aircraft operation, as well as the agility and manoeuvrability, compared to conventional wing aircraft.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Aerodynamic Performance Analysis of Camber Morphing and Conventional Airfoils

Majid

Joe

2021

Applied Sciences

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“…Since the discovery of the supercoiled polymer artificial muscle, which is also known as the twisted and coiled polymer actuator or the nylon muscle, by Haines et al [2], lots of research efforts have been devoted to the applications of the device such as humanoid hand [3], power-assist system [4], and morphing mechanism for flying robots [5]. The actuation principle of the device is the contraction upon heating, and the device made from conductive sewing thread can be directly driven by electrical power.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

S-Shaped Nonlinearity in Electrical Resistance of Electroactive Supercoiled Polymer Artificial Muscle

Tada

Kaku

2020

IEICE Trans. Electron.

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S-shaped nonlinearity is found in the electrical resistancelength relationship in an electroactive supercoiled polymer artificial muscle. The modulation of the electrical resistance is mainly caused by the change in the contact condition of coils in the artificial muscle upon deformation. A mathematical model based on logistic function fairly reproduces the experimental data of electrical resistance-length relationship. key words: actuator, supercoiled polymer artificial muscle, twisted and coiled polymer actuator, electrical resistance, mathematical model

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“…Other unconventional camber morphing concepts that have also been studied include the pseudoflap conby Xie et al [61] who investigated the aerodynamic response of a soft material based inflatable actuator embedded in a stiff structure. Li et al [62] proposed a skin-driven morphing concept using pneumatic artificial muscles (PMAs) embedded in skin. Fishing lines were used to simulate the role of artificial muscles and demonstrate the driving skin mechanism with a morphing angle of ±30 °.…”

Section: Material-based Camber Morphing Mechanisms a Material-based Camber Morphing Mechanism Features Materials Anisotropy And Tools Likmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status and Challenges on Design and Implementation of Camber Morphing Mechanisms

Majid

Joe

2021

International Journal of Aerospace Engineering

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This paper presents state-of-the-art technologies of camber morphing mechanisms from the perspectives of design and implementation. Wing morphing technologies are aimed at making the aircraft more energy or aerodynamically efficient during flight by actively adjusting the wing shape, but their mechanism designs and implementation aspects are often overlooked from practical sense in many technical articles. Thus, it is of our interest that we thoroughly investigate morphing mechanisms and their nature of design principles and methodologies from the implementation and test flight aspects, navigate the trends, and evaluate progress for researchers’ methodology selection that possibly turns to design and build stages. This paper categorizes the camber morphing mechanisms from a wide collection of literature on morphing wings and their mechanisms, and the defined classifications are based on mechanism’s design features and synthesis methodology, i.e., by the tools and methods used to solve the design problem. The categories are (1) structure-based, (2) material-based, and (3) hybrid. Most of the structure-based camber morphing mechanisms have distinctive structural features; however, the material-based camber morphing mechanisms make use of material properties and tools to enhance the elastic nature of its structures. Lastly, the hybrid morphing mechanisms are a combination of both the aforementioned categories. In summary, this review provides researchers in the field of morphing mechanisms and wings with choices of materials, actuators, internal and external structure design for wings, and overarching process and design methodologies for implementation with futuristic and practical aspects of flight performance and applications. Moreover, through this critical review of morphing mechanism, selective design criteria for appropriate morphing mechanisms are discussed.

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Design and simulative experiment of an innovative trailing edge morphing mechanism driven by artificial muscles embedded in skin

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

Comparative Aerodynamic Performance Analysis of Camber Morphing and Conventional Airfoils

Comparative Aerodynamic Performance Analysis of Camber Morphing and Conventional Airfoils

S-Shaped Nonlinearity in Electrical Resistance of Electroactive Supercoiled Polymer Artificial Muscle

Status and Challenges on Design and Implementation of Camber Morphing Mechanisms

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