Design and Simulation of Electroacoustic Sensor for exhaled breath analysis

Hazadi, Ahmad Hafiz Faqruddin; Ralib, Aliza Aini Md; Saidin, Nur Ubaidah

doi:10.1109/iccce.2018.8539332

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Piezoelectricity is the ability of some solid materials to generate electrical energy when subjected to mechanical stress. A piezoelectric transducer is basically a "crystal" sandwiched between two metal plates and compressed to generate electricity [9]. Direct piezoelectricity occurs when a piezoelectric material is compressed and flows through the metal plates to produce mechanical energy.…”

Section: Design Concept: Surface Acoustic Wave and Piezoelectricitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the crystal reacts to the pressure of the applied stress and converts it into electrical energy. Meanwhile, an inverse piezoelectric effect occurs when a crystal is deformed by the electrical energy applied and converts it to mechanical energy [9]. A SAW sensor consists of both input and output interdigital transducers (IDTs) on a piezoelectric substrate.…”

Section: Design Concept: Surface Acoustic Wave and Piezoelectricitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Investigation of the Sensitivity of Polymer-Coated Surface Acoustic Wave-Based Gas Sensors in the Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds

Ralib¹,

Omar²

2021

IIUMEJ

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Surface acoustic wave sensors (SAWs) are excellent at detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) since a sensing layer can be created by spreading a thin film of material across the delay line. This critically enhances performance as it is sensitive to the physical phenomena of interest. This study aims to provide a thorough investigation of the sensitivity of polymer-coated SAW-based gas sensors to VOCs using simulations via the finite element method (FEM). As such, quartz was chosen as the piezoelectric substrate while polymeric materials were chosen as the sensing layers due to their high sensitivity, low energy consumption, short response time, performance at room temperature, and reversibility after exposure to an analyte. The polymeric materials chosen were: (1) polyisobutylene (PIB), (2) polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), (3) polyisoprene (PIP), (4) polyimide (PI), and (5) phenylmethyldiphenylsilicone (OV25). The VOCs chosen for investigation were: (1) dichloromethane (DCM), (2) trichloroethylene (TCE), (3) 1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE), and (4) carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The performance of each polymer-coated SAW sensor was evaluated in terms of frequency shift and sensitivity to each VOC in FEM simulations. Our study found that the PIB-coated sensor had the highest sensitivity (4.0571 kHz/ppm) to DCM vapor and good sensitivity (45.257 kHz/ppm) to TCE vapor. However, the performance of each polymer-coated sensor varied depending on the type of VOC being tested. As an example, while the OV25-coated sensor was more sensitive (52.57 kHz/ppm) than the PIB-coated sensor (53.54 kHz/ppm) to TCE vapor regardless of the concentration, the PIB-coated sensor was more sensitive to DCM vapor at both low (4.06 kHz/ppm) and high (3.54 kHz/ppm) concentrations than the OV25-coated sensor. Therefore, the results of our FEM simulations indicate that polymer-coated SAW-based gas sensors are highly capable of self-powered VOC detection. ABSTRAK: Sensor gelombang akustik permukaan (SAW) adalah sangat baik dalam mengesan sebatian organik meruap yang tidak stabil (VOCs), kerana lapisan pengesan dapat dihasilkan dengan melapis nipis bahan pada lapisan garis tunda. Cara ini dapat menambah baik prestasi kerana ianya sensitif kepada fenomena fizikal yang dituju. Kajian ini bertujuan bagi menyediakan kajian menyeluruh terhadap kesensitifan sensor gas berasaskan SAW bersalut polimer pada VOC menggunakan simulasi melalui kaedah unsur terhingga (FEM). Oleh itu, kuarza dipilih sebagai substrat piezoelektrik manakala bahan polimer dipilih sebagai lapisan penginderaan berdasarkan kepekaan tinggi, penggunaan tenaga rendah, respon masa singkat, prestasi suhu bilik, dan faktor keboleh-balikan setelah terdedah kepada analit. Bahan polimer yang dipilih adalah: (1) polisobutilena (PIB), (2) polidimethilsiloxana (PDMS), (3) polisoprena (PIP), (4) polimida (PI), dan (5) phenilmethildiphenilsilikon (OV25). VOC terpilih bagi kajian adalah: (1) diklorometana (DCM), (2) trikloretilena (TCE), (3) 1,2-dikloroetilena (DCE), dan (4) karbon tetraklorida (CCl4). Prestasi setiap sensor SAW bersalut polimer dinilai berdasarkan peralihan frekuensi dan kesensitifan pada setiap VOC simulasi FEM. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan sensor bersalut-PIB mempunyai kesensitifan paling tinggi (4.0571 kHz/ppm) terhadap wap DCM dan kepekaan yang baik (45.257 kHz / ppm) terhadap wap TCE. Walau bagaimanapun, prestasi setiap sensor bersalut polimer adalah berbeza bergantung kepada jenis VOC yang sedang diuji. Sebagai contoh, sensor bersalut OV25 adalah lebih sensitif (52,57 kHz/ppm) daripada sensor bersalut PIB (53,54 kHz/ppm) pada wap TCE tanpa mengira kepekatan. Manakala sensor bersalut PIB lebih sensitif terhadap wap DCM pada kedua-dua kepekatan rendah (4.06 kHz/ppm) dan tinggi (3.54 kHz/ppm) daripada sensor bersalut-OV25. Oleh itu, hasil simulasi FEM menunjukkan bahawa sensor gas berasaskan SAW bersalut polimer adalah sangat berpotensi sebagai pengesan VOC berkuasa sendiri.

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Section: Design Concept: Surface Acoustic Wave and Piezoelectricitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design Concept: Surface Acoustic Wave and Piezoelectricitymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of the Sensitivity of Polymer-Coated Surface Acoustic Wave-Based Gas Sensors in the Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds

Ralib¹,

Omar²

2021

IIUMEJ

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“…Consequently, mechanical signal will be converting backwards to voltage. The piezoelectric sensor used in gas sensing consists of two types, which are the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and the surface acoustic wave (SAW) device [21]. The QCM creates a wave that travels along the bulk of the sensor while the SAW device creates a surface wave that travels through the surface of the sensor [21].…”

Section: Design Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The piezoelectric sensor used in gas sensing consists of two types, which are the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and the surface acoustic wave (SAW) device [21]. The QCM creates a wave that travels along the bulk of the sensor while the SAW device creates a surface wave that travels through the surface of the sensor [21]. Both types of sensors follow the principle that the mass changing of the piezoelectric sensor coating is due to the gas absorption, which results in a change of the resonant frequency of exposure to a gas.…”

Section: Design Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation on the mass sensitivity of quartz crystal microbalance gas sensor using finite element simulation

Ralib¹,

Zamri²,

Hazadi³

et al. 2019

Bulletin EEI

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The increasing global trends in healthcare priorities towards improving the effectiveness of diagnostic procedure by utilizing a non-invasive method which is breath analysis. This will benefit in increasing treatment efficiency and also reducing healthcare costs. Breath is a simple technique where the sample are easily obtained and can be provided immediately. The most popular method that had been used in hospital are urine and blood. Contradict with breath, urine and blood take too much time to analyse the disease and a painful process. The detection technique of breath analysis is done by using electroacoustic wave sensor from piezoelectric substrate. This acoustic wave sensor has been used to detect the changes in the frequency where it will be used to detect the disease. Breath analysis is a technique where it uses an electronic nose (E-nose) as a device. E-nose consist of Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) sensor in order to differentiate odor in human breath. QCM is a sensitive weighing device which have a high efficiency. AT-cut quartz was chosen as the piezoelectric material and aluminum as the electrode. The objective of this paper is to design and simulate a QCM sensor for breath analysis application. Other than that, it also to determine the important key parameters that influence the performance of breath analysis which is sensitivity and resonant frequency. QCM sensor is being simulate by using COMSOL Multiphysics software. This is to evaluate the behavior of QCM sensor in terms of Eigen frequency analysis. The simulated QCM sensor with quartz radius of 166 um resonates at 8.871 MHz. The sensitivity of the sensor is 0.167 MHz/ng after exposed to acetone gas which act as the breath marker for detection of diseases in exhaled breath. Hence, the proposed design can be used as a non-invasive approach for early detection of disease through breath analysis.

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Modeling of Graphene Oxide Coated QCM Sensor for E-Nose Application

Das¹,

Manjunatha²

2022

Springer Proceedings in Materials

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Design and Simulation of Electroacoustic Sensor for exhaled breath analysis

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

An Investigation of the Sensitivity of Polymer-Coated Surface Acoustic Wave-Based Gas Sensors in the Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds

An Investigation of the Sensitivity of Polymer-Coated Surface Acoustic Wave-Based Gas Sensors in the Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds

Investigation on the mass sensitivity of quartz crystal microbalance gas sensor using finite element simulation

Modeling of Graphene Oxide Coated QCM Sensor for E-Nose Application

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