Design and selection of pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazole-based high-energy materials

Abstract

In this study, we design a series of bridged energetic compounds based on pyrazolo [3,4-d][1, 2, 3]triazole to screen potential energetic materials with excellent detonation properties and acceptable sensitivities. The electronic structures, heats of formation, detonation velocity, detonation pressure, and impact sensitivity of the designed compounds were calculated using density functional theory. The results showed that the designed compounds have high positive heats of formation in the range of 1035.4 (A7) to 2851.4 kJ mol −1 (D2). Moreover, the designed compounds have high crystal densities and heats of detonation, which signi cantly enhance detonation pressures and velocities. The detonation pressures and velocities are in the ranges of 6.23 (A1) to 9.65 km s −1 (D3) and 15.7 to 43.9 GPa (E8), respectively. The impact sensitivity data also suggest that the designed compounds have impact sensitivities in an acceptable range. Considering detonation pressures, detonation velocities, and impact sensitivities, six compounds (C3, C5, D3, D5, E3, and F3) were screened as potential materials with high energy density, excellent detonation properties, and low impact sensitivities. Finally, the electronic structures of the screened compounds were simulated to provide further understanding on the physicochemical properties of these compounds.