Design and safety concept for piled raft foundations

Piles as settlement reducers in raft

“…4. Three-dimensional finite element analyses (Zhuang et al, 1991;Lee, 1993;Wang, 1996;Smith & Wang, 1998;Katzenbach et al, 1998;Katzenbach et al 2005;de Sanctis, 2001;Liang et al 2003;Reul, 2000;Reul & Randolph, 2002;Reul & Randolph, 2003;Reul & Randolph, 2004;Reul, 2004;Maharaj & Gandhi, 2004).…”

“…Case 4: TREPTOWERS of the Allianz Versicherungs AG in Berlin Katzenbach et al (1998) presented the load-settlement behaviour of a piled raft supporting the 121 m high office building TREPTOWERS of the Allianz Versicherungs AG in Berlin. For the first 3 m below ground level, the subsoil consists of fill, followed by loose sand and medium dense to dense sands in a depth of 40 m. The raft was located at 8 m below ground level in the area of the elevator pit and 4.5 m below ground level in the remaining parts of the building (Figure 2.9).…”

“…Figure 2.10 Variation of loads and settlements with time (after Katzenbach et al, 1998) Figure 2.9 Foundation-Plan and cross section (after Katzenbach et al, 1998) ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library Katzenbach et al (1998) observed that:…”

“…al., 1981;Yamashita and Kakurai, 1991;Yamashita et. al., 1994;Katzenbach et. al., 1998;Reul and Randolph, 2003;Russo et.…”

“…3. Further numerical analysis by Katzenbach et al (1998) showed that the settlements of the piled raft foundation were decreased by about 57% compared to the unpiled raft foundation. The piles carried about 65% of total load.…”