Design and response function of NaI detectors of Aragats complex installation

Arakelyan, K.; Daryan, A.V.; Козлинер, Л. И.; Hovsepyan, G.; Reimers, A.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2014.06.038

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The transition from B i,k to A −1 ik matrix is done by normalizing it in accordance with a total number of simulation trials. When normalizing, the a priori information on the recovered spectrum had been taken into account [23]. Finally, from the obtained discreet intensities recovered in 130 bins, the differential energy spectra of gamma rays and electrons were approximated by the power function…”

Section: Recovery Of the Energy Spectra Of Tge Electrons And Gamma Raysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of energy spectra of relativistic electrons and gamma-rays from avalanches developed in the thunderous atmosphere with Aragats Solar Neutron Telescope

et al. 2022

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Aragats solar neutron telescope (ASNT) is a unique instrument allowing to measure the energy spectra of electrons accelerated and multiplied in the strong electric fields of the atmosphere. We describe the instrument setup, its operation condition, software, and hardware triggers. We present energy spectra of a very large thunderstorm ground enhancement (TGE) event observed on 6 October 2021. The detector response function, algorithm to recover energy spectra from the energy release histograms also are presented. The spectra recovery procedure is verified by simulation of the response function of the SEVAN detector, operating nearby ASNT. SEVAN is a stacked 3 layered detector, interlayered by lead filters registering both charged and neutral species of cosmic rays. The simulated and measured count rates of all 3 layers of the SEVAN detector show good agreement within 20%.

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Section: Recovery Of the Energy Spectra Of Tge Electrons And Gamma Raysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of energy spectra of relativistic electrons and gamma-rays from avalanches developed in the thunderous atmosphere with Aragats Solar Neutron Telescope

et al. 2022

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“…For example, the estimation of muon fluxes, particularly in the horizontal direction, is useful in the planning of muon radiography of large objects such as volcanoes [ 30 , 31 ], nuclear reactors [ 32 , 33 ], and pyramids [ 34 ]. Accurate modeling of the generation of terrestrial cosmic rays considering their angular distributions is the key issue in the Monte Carlo simulation used in designing cosmic-ray detectors [ 35 ], shielding calculation for electric devices [ 36 ], and soil moisture monitoring [ 37 ]. However, there is no model that can instantaneously calculate angular differential cosmic-ray fluxes in the atmosphere for all conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Model for Estimating the Zenith Angle Dependence of Terrestrial Cosmic Ray Fluxes

Sato

2016

PLoS ONE

112

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A new model called “PHITS-based Analytical Radiation Model in the Atmosphere (PARMA) version 4.0” was developed to facilitate instantaneous estimation of not only omnidirectional but also angular differential energy spectra of cosmic ray fluxes anywhere in Earth’s atmosphere at nearly any given time. It consists of its previous version, PARMA3.0, for calculating the omnidirectional fluxes and several mathematical functions proposed in this study for expressing their zenith-angle dependences. The numerical values of the parameters used in these functions were fitted to reproduce the results of the extensive air shower simulation performed by Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS). The angular distributions of ground-level muons at large zenith angles were specially determined by introducing an optional function developed on the basis of experimental data. The accuracy of PARMA4.0 was closely verified using multiple sets of experimental data obtained under various global conditions. This extension enlarges the model’s applicability to more areas of research, including design of cosmic-ray detectors, muon radiography, soil moisture monitoring, and cosmic-ray shielding calculation. PARMA4.0 is available freely and is easy to use, as implemented in the open-access EXcel-based Program for Calculating Atmospheric Cosmic-ray Spectrum (EXPACS).

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“…The PMT signals are fed through a preamplifier to a logarithmic amplitude-to-digit-convertor (LADC). LADC specifications are described in detail in [8,9]. The scale factor 𝑑 is a key to obtaining the digital code (energy deposit) of the particle:…”

Section: Spectrometry Of Gamma Radiation On Mt Aragatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The horizontal profile of the atmospheric electric fields as measured during thunderstorms by the network of NaI spectrometers located on the slopes of Mt. Aragats

et al. 2022

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The shape and evolution of the energy spectra of the thunderstorm ground enhancement (TGE) electrons and gamma rays shed light on the origin of TGEs, on the relationship between modification of the cosmic ray electron energy spectra (MOS) and relativistic runaway electron avalanche (RREA) processes, on the energy of the seed electrons, and on the strength and elongation of an atmospheric electric field. The network of large NaI spectrometers on slopes of Mt. Aragats 24/7 monitored secondary particle fluxes from 2013 until now, highly contributed to the understanding of the ways how RREAs are developed in the atmosphere. In 2022 we enlarge the NaI network with 2 remote detectors located at altitudes 2000 and 1700 m, and 13 and 16 km apart from the Aragats station to investigate the horizontal profile of the atmospheric electric field. We found, that the previously estimated values of the regions in the atmosphere, where RREA emerges, were highly underestimated. In the present report, we describe the NaI particle detector's network and present the first results of the experiment demonstrating that the particle fluxes from the atmospheric electron accelerators can cover large areas on the earth's (up to tens of km2).

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Design and response function of NaI detectors of Aragats complex installation

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Measurements of energy spectra of relativistic electrons and gamma-rays from avalanches developed in the thunderous atmosphere with Aragats Solar Neutron Telescope

Measurements of energy spectra of relativistic electrons and gamma-rays from avalanches developed in the thunderous atmosphere with Aragats Solar Neutron Telescope

Analytical Model for Estimating the Zenith Angle Dependence of Terrestrial Cosmic Ray Fluxes

The horizontal profile of the atmospheric electric fields as measured during thunderstorms by the network of NaI spectrometers located on the slopes of Mt. Aragats

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