Design and Rationale for the Study of Changes in Iron and Atherosclerosis Risk in Perimenopause

Mihai, Georgeta; He, Xin; Zhang, Xiaolan; McCarthy, Beth; Tran, Tam; Pennell, Michael L.; Blank, Jessica; Simonetti, Orlando P.; Jackson, Rebecca D.; Raman, Subha V.

doi:10.4172/2155-9880.1000152

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Concerning T2 * measurements, both pre‐ and post‐USPIO values in O‐ApoE‐UT mice were lower than in Y‐ApoE‐UT mice, confirming more complex plaque composition and more inflammatory activity, respectively (Mihai et al . ). The O‐ApoE‐ExT mice had an increase in pre‐USPIO T2 * measurement compared with O‐ApoE‐UT mice, suggesting a less complex plaque composition (see Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of exercise‐induced improvement of oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain of old high‐fat‐fed ApoE^−/− mice

Chirico

Cataldo

Chauveau

et al. 2016

The Journal of Physiology

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Vascular brain lesions, present in advanced atherosclerosis, share pathological hallmarks with peripheral vascular lesions, such as increased inflammation and oxidative stress. Physical activity reduces these peripheral risk factors, but its cerebrovascular effect is less documented, especially by non-invasive imaging. Through a combination of in vivo and post-mortem techniques, we aimed to characterize vascular brain damage in old ApoE mice fed a high-cholesterol (HC) diet with dietary controlled intake. We then sought to determine the beneficial effects of exercise training on oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain as a treatment option in an ageing atherosclerosis mouse model. Using in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biological markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, we evaluated the occurrence of vascular abnormalities in the brain of HC-diet fed ApoE mice >70 weeks old, its association with local and systemic oxidative stress and inflammation, and whether both can be modulated by exercise. Exercise training significantly reduced both MRI-detected abnormalities (present in 71% of untrained vs. 14% of trained mice) and oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, 9.1 ± 1.4 vs. 5.2 ± 0.9 μmol mg ; P < 0.01) and inflammation (interleukin-1β, 226.8 ± 27.1 vs. 182.5 ± 21.5 pg mg ; P < 0.05) in the brain, and the mortality rate. Exercise also decreased peripheral insulin resistance, oxidative stress and inflammation, but significant associations were seen only within brain markers. Highly localized vascular brain damage is a frequent finding in this ageing atherosclerosis model, and exercise is able to reduce this outcome and improve lifespan. In vivo MRI evaluated both the neurovascular damage and the protective effect of exercise.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of exercise‐induced improvement of oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain of old high‐fat‐fed ApoE^−/− mice

Chirico

Cataldo

Chauveau

et al. 2016

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Stroke is the major healthcare problem with higher mortality and morbidity rates [18]. Women are more affected with Atherosclerosis [19]. At times increase in blood pressure may leads to various kinds of health problems [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Vasodilation and Arterial Resistance on Cardiac Output

Siddiqui¹

2011

J Clinic Experiment Cardiol

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Heart is one of the most important organs present in human body which pumps blood throughout the body using blood vessels. With each heartbeat, blood is sent throughout the body, carrying oxygen and nutrients to all the cells in body. The cardiac cycle is the sequence of events that occurs when the heart beats. Blood pressure is maximum during systole, when the heart is pushing and minimum during diastole, when the heart is relaxed. Vasodilation caused by relaxation of smooth muscle cells in arteries causes an increase in blood flow. When blood vessels dilate, the blood flow is increased due to a decrease in vascular resistance. Therefore, dilation of arteries and arterioles leads to an immediate decrease in arterial blood pressure and heart rate. Cardiac output is the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle in one minute. Cardiac output (CO) is the volume of blood being pumped by the heart, by left ventricle in the time interval of one minute. The effects of vasodilation, how the blood quantity increases and decreases along with the blood flow and the arterial blood flow and resistance on cardiac output is discussed in this review Article.

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“…The internal mammary artery (IMA) was selected for comparison due to its known resistance to atherosclerosis 33, 34 . Imaging and serologies were also obtained in a cohort of 14 healthy women with no or 1 risk factor for atherosclerosis undergoing the identical carotid T2* imaging as part of a longitudinal study of iron and perimenopausal atherosclerosis risk 35 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron and noncontrast magnetic resonance T2* as a marker of intraplaque iron in human atherosclerosis

Winner

Sharkey-Toppen

Zhang

et al. 2015

Journal of Vascular Surgery

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Objective Iron has been implicated in atherogenesis and plaque destabilization, while less is known regarding iron-related proteins in this disease. We compared ex vivo quantities to in vivo vessel wall T2*, which is a noncontrast magnetic resonance relaxation time that quantitatively shortens with increased tissue iron content. We also tested the hypothesis that carotid atherosclerosis patients have abnormal T2* times vs. controls that would help support a role for iron in human atherosclerosis. Methods and Results 46 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy and 14 subjects without carotid disease were prospectively enrolled to undergo carotid MRI. Ex vivo measurements were performed on explanted plaque and 17 mammary artery samples. Plaques vs. normal arteries had higher levels of ferritin (median = 7.3 [IQR=4 – 13.8] vs. 1.0 [0.6 – 1.3] ng/mg, P < .001) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (0.17 [0.12 – 0.30] vs. 0.01 [0.003 – 0.03] ng/mg, P < .001) as well as hepcidin (8.7 [4.6 – 12.4] vs. 2.6 [1.3 – 7.0] ng/mL, P = .03); serum hepcidin levels did not distinguish atherosclerosis patients from controls (40.6 [18.8 – 88.6] vs. 33.9 [17.6 – 55.2], P = 0.42). Shorter in vivo T2* paralleled larger plaque volume (ρ = −.44, p = 0.01), and diseased arteries had shorter T2* values compared to controls (17.7 ± 4.3 vs. 23.0 ± 2.4 ms, P < .001). Conclusions Diseased arteries have greater levels of iron-related proteins ex vivo and shorter T2* times in vivo. Further studies should help define T2*'s role as a biomarker of iron and atherosclerosis.

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Design and Rationale for the Study of Changes in Iron and Atherosclerosis Risk in Perimenopause

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of exercise‐induced improvement of oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain of old high‐fat‐fed ApoE^−/− mice

Magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of exercise‐induced improvement of oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain of old high‐fat‐fed ApoE^−/− mice

Effects of Vasodilation and Arterial Resistance on Cardiac Output

Iron and noncontrast magnetic resonance T2* as a marker of intraplaque iron in human atherosclerosis

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Design and Rationale for the Study of Changes in Iron and Atherosclerosis Risk in Perimenopause

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of exercise‐induced improvement of oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain of old high‐fat‐fed ApoE−/− mice

Magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of exercise‐induced improvement of oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain of old high‐fat‐fed ApoE−/− mice

Effects of Vasodilation and Arterial Resistance on Cardiac Output

Iron and noncontrast magnetic resonance T2* as a marker of intraplaque iron in human atherosclerosis

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Magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of exercise‐induced improvement of oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain of old high‐fat‐fed ApoE^−/− mice

Magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of exercise‐induced improvement of oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain of old high‐fat‐fed ApoE^−/− mice