Design and Preparation of Avermectin Nanopesticide for Control and Prevention of Pine Wilt Disease

Abstract

Pine wilt disease is a devastating forest disaster caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which has brought inestimable economic losses to the world’s forestry due to lack of effective prevention and control measures. In this paper, a porous structure CuBTC was designed to deliver avermectin (AM) and a control vector insect Japanese pine sawyer (JPS) of B. xylophilus, which can improve the biocompatibility, anti-photolysis and delivery efficacy of AM. The results illustrated the cumulative release of pH-dependent AM@CuBTC was up to 12 days (91.9%), and also effectively avoided photodegradation (pH 9.0, 120 h, retention 69.4%). From the traceable monitoring experiment, the AM@CuBTC easily penetrated the body wall of the JPS larvae and was transmitted to tissue cells though contact and diffusion. Furthermore, AM@CuBTC can effectively enhance the cytotoxicity and utilization of AM, which provides valuable research value for the application of typical plant-derived nerve agents in the prevention and control of forestry pests. AM@CuBTC as an environmentally friendly nanopesticide can efficiently deliver AM to the larval intestines where it is absorbed by the larvae. AM@CuBTC can be transmitted to the epidemic wood and dead wood at a low concentration (10 mg/L).

Metal–Organic Frameworks as Potential Agents for Extraction and Delivery of Pesticides and Agrochemicals

“…Liu et al loaded the MOF CuBTC with avermectin against the insect Bursaphelenchus xylophilus . 87 The controlled release was found to be pH-dependent, with a cumulative release of 92% in 12 h. In addition, the loading of avermectin inside the MOFs protected it against photodegradation, with a retention of 69% in 120 h at a pH of 9.0. This study explored the potential of targeted controlled delivery to insect larvae intestines by injecting infested and dead wood with the loaded MOFs, as shown in Figure 6 .…”

“…Liu et al loaded the MOF CuBTC with avermectin against the insect Bursaphelenchus xylophilus . The controlled release was found to be pH-dependent, with a cumulative release of 92% in 12 h. In addition, the loading of avermectin inside the MOFs protected it against photodegradation, with a retention of 69% in 120 h at a pH of 9.0.…”

“… Scheme summarizing the studies done on the avermectin-loaded CuBTC, as well as their potential for targeted controlled delivery. Reproduced (including photo) and adapted with permission from ref ( 87 ). Copyright 2022 Creative Commons Attribution License.…”

“One-Pot” Method Preparation of Dendritic Mesoporous Silica-Loaded Matrine Nanopesticide for Noninvasive Administration Control of Monochamus alternatus: The Vector Insect of Bursapherenchus xylophophilus

“…21 The CuBTC developed by Liu et al was equipped with nanoparticles prepared from avermectin, which has good photolytic performance and can enhance the cytotoxicity and utilization rate of avermectin. 22 Compared with traditional plant-derived insecticides, nanocarrying technology has a larger pore size and wider contact area. 23−25 However, the current research on nanopesticides mainly focuses on the agricultural field, with few studies on forest pest control.…”

“…As an emerging drug transmission technology, nanocarrying technology has good biocompatibility and drug loading rate, efficient transmission, and sustained release performance. − For example, Liu et al used bovine serum albumin (BSA) to self-assemble nanoparticles formed by carrying the hydrophobic pesticide thiamethoxam with a loading efficiency of 70.4%, while the material also showed good transport efficiency in pine trees . The CuBTC developed by Liu et al was equipped with nanoparticles prepared from avermectin, which has good photolytic performance and can enhance the cytotoxicity and utilization rate of avermectin . Compared with traditional plant-derived insecticides, nanocarrying technology has a larger pore size and wider contact area. − However, the current research on nanopesticides mainly focuses on the agricultural field, with few studies on forest pest control.…”