Design and Performance of a Resistor Multiplexing Readout Circuit for a SiPM Detector

Goertzen, Andrew L.; Zhang, Xuezhu; McClarty, M. M.; Berg, Eric; Liu, Chenyi; Kozłowski, Piotr; Retière, F.; Ryner, Lawrence; Sossi, Vesna; Stortz, Greg; Thompson, C.J.

doi:10.1109/tns.2013.2251661

Cited by 94 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For our VP-PET insert applications, MPPC based detectors offer the additional benefit of reduced Compton scatter from the photon sensor’s low-density packaging materials. Several PET systems based on MPPC show excellent performance with respect to small crystal separation capability, good energy and timing resolution[8][9][10][11][12]. VP-PET insert devices are designed to be as compact as possible; this strategy imposes fewer space constraints when placing an insert close to the regions of interest (ROI) for different clinical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A compact high resolution flat panel PET detector based on the new 4-side buttable MPPC for biomedical applications

Wang

Wen

Ravindranath

et al. 2015

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Compact high-resolution panel detectors using virtual pinhole (VP) PET geometry can be inserted into existing clinical or pre-clinical PET systems to improve regional spatial resolution and sensitivity. Here we describe a compact panel PET detector built using the new Though Silicon Via (TSV) multi-pixel photon counters (MPPC) detector. This insert provides high spatial resolution and good timing performance for multiple bio-medical applications. Because the TSV MPPC design eliminates wire bonding and has a package dimension which is very close to the MPPC’s active area, it is 4-side buttable. The custom designed MPPC array (based on Hamamatsu S12641-PA-50(x)) used in the prototype is composed of 4 × 4 TSV-MPPC cells with a 4.46 mm pitch in both directions. The detector module has 16 × 16 lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) crystal array, with each crystal measuring 0.92 × 0.92 × 3 mm3 with 1.0 mm pitch. The outer diameter of the detector block is 16.8 × 16.8 mm2. Thirty-two such blocks will be arranged in a 4 × 8 array with 1 mm gaps to form a panel detector with detection area around 7 cm × 14 cm in the full-size detector. The flood histogram acquired with Ge-68 source showed excellent crystal separation capability with all 256 crystals clearly resolved. The detector module’s mean, standard deviation, minimum (best) and maximum (worst) energy resolution were 10.19%, +/−0.68%, 8.36% and 13.45% FWHM, respectively. The measured coincidence time resolution between the block detector and a fast reference detector (around 200 ps single photon timing resolution) was 0.95 ns. When tested with Siemens Cardinal electronics the performance of the detector blocks remain consistent. These results demonstrate that the TSV-MPPC is a promising photon sensor for use in a flat panel PET insert composed of many high resolution compact detector modules.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A compact high resolution flat panel PET detector based on the new 4-side buttable MPPC for biomedical applications

Wang

Wen

Ravindranath

et al. 2015

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Figure 1 shows the design of our dual-layer offset crystal array and the complete system with 6 detector rings, covering an axial field of view about 90 mm. We have previously presented promlsmg results from our initial evaluations of this detector design [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. In this current The probability of detection in a given crystal can be approximated by the Beer-Lambert law:…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical modeling and implementation of detector response for fully 3D computer simulation and image reconstruction of an MRI compatible PET insert with a dual-layer offset crystal design

Zhang

Stortz

Thompson

et al. 2012

2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record (NSS/MIC)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study we present an efficient algorithm for accurate analytical modeling of detector response for fully 3D computer simulation and statistical image reconstruction of a proposed MRI compatible PET insert system that uses a dual layer offset crystal design. The general analytical response functions for coincident detector pairs are derived first. For calculating the point spread function (PSF) of coincident pairs of individual dual-layer offset crystals, we developed an efficient 3D ray-tracing algorithm. The determination of which detector blocks are intersected by a gamma ray is made by calculating the intersection of the ray with virtual cylinders with radii just inside the inner surface and just outside the outer-edge of each detector ring. For efficient ray-tracing computation, the detector block and ray to be traced are then rotated so that the crystals are aligned along the x-axis, facilitating calculation of ray/crystal boundary intersection points. For effective data organization, an indexed histogram-mode method is also presented in this work. To validate the methods, we performed a series of analytical computer simulations based on our system design. The measured spatial resolution of the analytical PSFs in both radial and tangential directions are computed. The illustration of sinograms with different layer designs shows that our dual-layer offset crystal design can provide better sampling density than a single layer system. The image reconstruction results from the analytical simulation exhibit promISIng performance of reconstructed spatial resolution, reaching nearly sub-millimeter resolution. In conclusion, we have developed an efficient algorithm for analytical calculation of the detector response for our proposed PET insert with dual-layer offset crystal arrays.This can provide an effective and efficient method for both computer simulation and quantitative image reconstruction, and will aid in the design and optimization of our PET insert system.

show abstract

“…But in their current form, this requires 20 readout channels per cm 2 of detector area if each signal is read out individually, 16 anodes channels that encode the position information and 4 cathode channels for timing information. To reduce the cost and complexity of readout electronics it is common to use readout channel reduction techniques in PET detectors (Siegel et al 1996, Wu et al 2008, Lau et al 2010, Downie et al 2013, Goertzen et al 2013 and Du et al 2015). For this PS-SSPM array, a capacitive charge division readout method was designed and evaluated in our previous work (Du et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance comparison of different readouts for position-sensitive solid-state photomultiplier arrays

Schmall

et al. 2017

Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A thorough comparison of five different readouts for reading out a 2 × 2 array of 5 mm × 5 mm position-sensitive solid-state photomultipliers (PS-SSPM) was undertaken. The five readouts include reading out the 20 signals (16 position and 4 timing) individually, two signal multiplexing readouts, and two position decoding readouts. Flood histogram quality, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and energy resolution were compared at different bias voltage (27.0 V to 32.0 V, at 0.5 V intervals) and at a fixed temperature of 0 °C by coupling a 6 × 6 array of 1.3 mm × 1.3 mm × 20 mm polished LSO crystals to the center of the PS-SSPM array. The timing resolution was measured at a bias voltage of 31.0 V (optimal bias voltage in terms of flood histogram quality). The best flood histogram quality value and signal-to-noise were 7.3 ± 1.6 and 33.5 ± 3.1, respectively, and were obtained by shaping and digitizing the 16 position signals individually. The capacitive charge-division readout is the simplest readout among the five evaluated but still resulted in good performance with a flood histogram quality value of 3.3 ± 0.4 and a SNR of 18.3 ± 1.3. The average energy resolution and the average timing resolution were 15.2 ± 1.2 % and 8.4 ± 1.6 ns for individual signal readout and 15.9 ± 1.2 % and 8.8 ± 1.3 ns by using the capacitive charge-division readout method. These studies show that for an ultra-high spatial resolution applications using the 2 × 2 PS-SSPM array, reading out the 20 signals individually is necessary; whilst the capacitive charge-division readout is a cost-effective readout for less demanding applications.

show abstract

Design and Performance of a Resistor Multiplexing Readout Circuit for a SiPM Detector

Cited by 94 publications

References 19 publications

A compact high resolution flat panel PET detector based on the new 4-side buttable MPPC for biomedical applications

A compact high resolution flat panel PET detector based on the new 4-side buttable MPPC for biomedical applications

Analytical modeling and implementation of detector response for fully 3D computer simulation and image reconstruction of an MRI compatible PET insert with a dual-layer offset crystal design

Performance comparison of different readouts for position-sensitive solid-state photomultiplier arrays

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About