Design and Performance Analysis of a New STBC-MIMO LoRa System

Abstract

LoRa is a modulation technology for low power wide area networks (LPWAN) with enormous potential in 5G era. However, the performance of LoRa system deteriorates seriously in fading-channel environments. To tackle this problem, in this paper we introduce multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) configuration employing space-time block coding (STBC) schemes into the LoRa system to formulate an STBC-MIMO LoRa system. Then, we investigate the theoretical performance of the proposed system over Rayleigh fading channels. To this end, we derive the distribution of the decision metric for the demodulator in the proposed system. Based on the above distribution, we propose the closed-form approximated bit error rate (BER) expression of the proposed system when perfect and imperfect channel information states (CSIs) are considered. In addition, we analyze the diversity order of the proposed system. The result demonstrates that the diversity order of the system in the imperfect CSI scenario with fixed channel estimate error variance is zero. However, in the imperfect CSI scenario with a decreasing channel estimate error variance and the perfect CSI scenario, the system can achieve full diversity. Finally, experimental results verify the accuracy of the theoretical analysis and the excellent performance of the proposed system. Due to such superiority, the proposed STBC-MIMO LoRa system can be considered as a good scheme for LPWAN.Index Terms-Internet of things (IoT), LoRa, bit error rate (BER), space-time block coding (STBC), multiple-input-multipleoutput (MIMO), diversity order, Rayleigh fading channel.