Design and optimization of multi-scale porous sandwich composites with excellent sound absorption and cushioning properties

Abstract

Exposure to prolonged or excessive noise has been shown to cause a range of health problems. In this study, flexible sandwich composites (FSCs) with excellent sound absorption and mechanical properties were designed and fabricated by a one-step foaming process. The compound fabric as composite panel and fabric sequence contacted with PU foam has been designed and optimized for excellent cushioning and sound absorption properties. In comparisons of three processing methods for fabricating compound fabrics as reinforced panels of FSCs, punching/hot pressing was found to be the most effective method. Through experiments, the L (low-melting polyethylene terephthalate nonwoven fabric, LPNF) -W (warp-knitted spacer fabric, WKSF) -F (flexible polyurethane foam, FPF) composites had the best performance, reaching the sound absorption coefficient of 0.997 (1000 Hz), 107.77 KPa in compression modulus, 6541 N in maximum impact contact force and 44.68% in impact energy absorption. Morphological study revealed that the transition region formed by FPF and WKSF played a vital role in the L-W-F structure. In that region, small cavities and complex porous paths were observed that effectively improved the sound absorption and cushioning properties by dissipating the stress wave and sound wave level-to-level.

The review of fiber-based sound-absorbing structures

“…A sandwich structure based on a multilayer structure can achieve sound absorption at different frequencies by changing the relative position between different porous material layers. 16 The gradient porous structure arranges layers with different porosity according to the gradient structure to improve the sound absorption performance of mid–low frequency. 17 Also, the direction and size of the pores can be regulated by adding the function of the particle into fibrous material or polymeric forms, resulting in improved sound absorption.…”