Design and optimization of broadband tapered optical fibers with a nanofiber waist

Stiebeiner, Ariane; Garcia-Fernandez, R.; Rauschenbeutel, Arno

doi:10.1364/oe.18.021574

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The "magic" trapping wavelengths of 937 nm and 687 nm for Cs atoms are readily available using semiconductor laser sources, and require a reasonable power for trapping. Tapered optical fibers can be made with sub-wavelength diameters and high transmission, as has been demonstrated experimentally [60,61]. In Ref.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Demonstration of a State-Insensitive, Compensated Nanofiber Trap

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Laser trapping and interfacing of laser-cooled atoms in an optical fiber network is an important capability for quantum information science. Following the pioneering work of Balykin et al. and Vetsch et al., we propose a robust method of trapping single Cesium atoms with a two-color state-insensitive evanescent wave around a dielectric nanofiber. Specifically, we show that vector light shifts (i.e., effective inhomogeneous Zeeman broadening of the ground states) induced by the inherent ellipticity of the forward-propagating evanescent wave can be effectively canceled by a backward-propagating evanescent wave. Furthermore, by operating the trapping lasers at the magic wavelengths, we remove the differential scalar light shift between ground and excited states, thereby allowing for resonant driving of the optical D 2 transition. This scheme provides a promising approach to trap and probe neutral atoms with long trap and coherence lifetimes with realistic experimental parameters. † These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Demonstration of a State-Insensitive, Compensated Nanofiber Trap

et al. 2012

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“…In the latter system the improvement is based on efficient coupling of NV-fluorescence photons to the strongly confined mode (HE 11 ) 9-11 of diamond nanowires. For defect centers in diamond nano-crystals, tapered optical fibers (TOFs) 12 with a subwavelength diameter waist are a particularly attractive alternative platform. Due to the strong evanescent field at the surface, such TOFs promise coupling efficiencies up to 36% 13,14 and approaching unity when combined with Bragg-grating cavities 15,16 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Tapered fiber coupling of single photons emitted by a deterministically positioned single nitrogen vacancy center

Liebermeister¹,

Petersen²,

Münchow³

et al. 2014

Appl. Phys. Lett.

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122

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A diamond nano-crystal hosting a single nitrogen vacancy (NV) center is optically selected with a confocal scanning microscope and positioned deterministically onto the subwavelength-diameter waist of a tapered optical fiber (TOF) with the help of an atomic force microscope. Based on this nano-manipulation technique we experimentally demonstrate the evanescent coupling of single fluorescence photons emitted by a single NV-center to the guided mode of the TOF. By comparing photon count rates of the fiber-guided and the free-space modes and with the help of numerical FDTD simulations we determine a lower and upper bound for the coupling efficiency of (9.5 ± 0.6)% and (10.4 ± 0.7)%, respectively. Our results are a promising starting point for future integration of single photon sources into photonic quantum networks and applications in quantum information science.PACS numbers: 03.67. 42.50.Ex, 78.67.Bf Efficient collection of single photons radiated by a single solid state quantum emitter -like the nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond 1 -is an important prerequisite for future applications in applied physical and quantum information science, like ultra-sensitive fluorescence spectroscopy and linear optical quantum computation 2-4 . A standard technique for fluorescence collection is confocal microscopy. However, when applied to defect centers in bulk diamond, total internal reflection limits the collection efficiency to few percent. Recently, the collection efficiency of NV-fluorescence has been increased by one order of magnitude by combining confocal microscopy with solid immersion lenses (SILs) 5-7 , respectively photonic nanowires 8 . In the latter system the improvement is based on efficient coupling of NV-fluorescence photons to the strongly confined mode (HE 11 ) 9-11 of diamond nanowires. For defect centers in diamond nano-crystals, tapered optical fibers (TOFs) 12 with a subwavelength diameter waist are a particularly attractive alternative platform. Due to the strong evanescent field at the surface, such TOFs promise coupling efficiencies up to 36%13,14 and approaching unity when combined with Bragg-grating cavities 15,16 . Until now, evanescent coupling of fluorescence photons to a single guided mode of a TOF has been achieved for a) email: lars.liebermeister@physik.uni-muenchen.de b) email: markusweber@lmu.de various solid state quantum emitters 17-20 , molecules 21 , and laser-cooled atomic vapors 22 . To bring these emitters into the strong evanescent optical field at the surface of the nano-fiber several non-deterministic deposition techniques like dip-coating 17,18 , picoliter-dispensers 19,20 , and optical surface traps 23 have been applied. However, for real applications in quantum information science, e. g., the photonic quantum-bus mediated coupling of NVcenters in a lattice 24 , deterministic positioning of single solid state quantum emitters onto the submicron waist of a TOF with nm position control is desirable. In this letter we demonstrate significant steps towards deterministic coup...

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“…Following the protocols described in this section we have produced fibers with 99.95% transmission when launching the fundamental mode Hoffman et al (2014). This high transmission corresponds to a loss of 2.6 × 10 −5 dB/mm for the fundamental mode Brambilla (2010); Stiebeiner et al (2010), with controllable taper geometries and long fiber waists. We have also launched HOMs Ravets et al (2013a,b) and achieved transmissions of greater than 97% for the first family of excited modes.…”

Section: Fabrication and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Nanofibers

Solano

Grover

Hoffman

et al. 2017

Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

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The development of optical nanofibers (ONF) and the study and control of their optical properties when coupling atoms to their electromagnetic modes has opened new possibilities for their use in quantum optics and quantum information science. These ONFs offer tight optical mode confinement (less than the wavelength of light) and diffraction-free propagation. The small cross section of the transverse field allows probing of linear and non-linear spectroscopic features of atoms with exquisitely low power. The cooperativity -the figure of merit in many quantum optics and quantum information systems -tends to be large even for a single atom in the mode of an ONF, as it is proportional to the ratio of the atomic cross section to the electromagnetic mode cross section. ONFs offer a natural bus for information and for inter-atomic coupling through the tightly-confined modes, which opens the possibility of one-dimensional many-body physics and interesting quantum interconnection applications. The presence of the ONF modifies the vacuum field, affecting the spontaneous emission rates of atoms in its vicinity. The high gradients in the radial intensity naturally provide the potential for trapping atoms around the ONF, allowing the creation of onedimensional arrays of atoms. The same radial gradient in the transverse direction of the field is responsible for the existence of a large longitudinal component that introduces the possibility of spin-orbit coupling of the light and the atom, enabling the exploration of chiral quantum optics.

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Design and optimization of broadband tapered optical fibers with a nanofiber waist

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

Demonstration of a State-Insensitive, Compensated Nanofiber Trap

Demonstration of a State-Insensitive, Compensated Nanofiber Trap

Tapered fiber coupling of single photons emitted by a deterministically positioned single nitrogen vacancy center

Optical Nanofibers

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