Design and Operation of Microelectrochemical Gates and Integrated Circuits

Chang, Byoung Yong; Crooks, John A.; Chow, Kwok Fan; Mavré, François; Crooks, Richard M.

doi:10.1021/ja107095z

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…[28][29][30] Logic computation based on bipolar electrochemistry has attracted tremendous interest recently owing to its ease of construction, integration and control. 25,[31][32][33] Crooks pioneered the integration of logic circuits with a split BPE using electrochemiluminescence as an output signal in an open BPE system. 33 However, the utilization of the open BPE mode limited further applications due to the low current efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dual-electrochromic bipolar electrode-based universal platform for the construction of various visual advanced logic devices

et al. 2017

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A universal logic platform based on dual-electrochromic bipolar electrodes (BPEs) for the operation of various visual advanced logic devices was designed and constructed for the first time. Two BPEs separated by three reaction channels filled with different reaction solutions constituted the closed BPE system and were used as the initial state. Under different input combinations, the electrochemical oxidation of 2, 2′ -azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and the electrodeposition of Prussian blue occurred at different poles simultaneously and triggered rapid color changes that could be easily visualized by the naked eye. By defining the color changes at the two specific poles as outputs, visual advanced logic devices, including an encoder, a decoder, a demultiplexer, a keypad lock and a three-input concatenated logic circuit with two outputs, were successfully constructed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25,[31][32][33] Crooks pioneered the integration of logic circuits with a split BPE using electrochemiluminescence as an output signal in an open BPE system. 33 However, the utilization of the open BPE mode limited further applications due to the low current efficiency. Moreover, only basic logic gates were operated in his work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-electrochromic bipolar electrode-based universal platform for the construction of various visual advanced logic devices

et al. 2017

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“…With electrochemistry, pair-band microelectrodes can create communication channels, in which electrical potential perturbation of one electrode results in electrogeneration of chemical species, which can diffuse to the other electrode for collection and possibly new electrical stimulation19. With different mechanism, bipolar electrochemistry2021 can be used in a single flow channel to fabricate simple logic gates with inputs as voltage sources and outputs as optical signal from electrogenerated chemiluminescence2223.…”

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confidence: 99%

Decoding Network Structure in On-Chip Integrated Flow Cells with Synchronization of Electrochemical Oscillators

Jia

Kiss

2017

Sci Rep

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The analysis of network interactions among dynamical units and the impact of the coupling on self-organized structures is a challenging task with implications in many biological and engineered systems. We explore the coupling topology that arises through the potential drops in a flow channel in a lab-on-chip device that accommodates chemical reactions on electrode arrays. The networks are revealed by analysis of the synchronization patterns with the use of an oscillatory chemical reaction (nickel electrodissolution) and are further confirmed by direct decoding using phase model analysis. In dual electrode configuration, a variety coupling schemes, (uni- or bidirectional positive or negative) were identified depending on the relative placement of the reference and counter electrodes (e.g., placed at the same or the opposite ends of the flow channel). With three electrodes, the network consists of a superposition of a localized (upstream) and global (all-to-all) coupling. With six electrodes, the unique, position dependent coupling topology resulted spatially organized partial synchronization such that there was a synchrony gradient along the quasi-one-dimensional spatial coordinate. The networked, electrode potential (current) spike generating electrochemical reactions hold potential for construction of an in-situ information processing unit to be used in electrochemical devices in sensors and batteries.

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“…The output signals generated by the chemical switchable systems are usually read by optical methods: UV-vis or fluorescence spectroscopies or by electrochemical means: current or potential generated at electrodes or in field-effect transistors. Association of chemical logic systems with electrode interfaces [34] or nanowires [35] resulted in electronic devices with implemented molecular logic performing on-chip data processing functions for lab-on-a-chip devices [36].…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Information Processing: From Single Molecules to Supramolecular Systems and Interfaces – from Algorithms to Devices – Editorial Introduction

Katz¹,

Bocharova²

2012

Molecular and Supramolecular Information Processing

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Fast development of electronic computers with continuous progress [1] resulting in doubling their complexity every two years was formulated as the Moore's law in 1965 [2] (Figure 1.1). However, because of reaching physical limits for miniaturization of computing elements [3], the end of this exponential growth is expected soon. Economic [4] and fundamental physical problems (including limits placed on the miniaturization by quantum tunneling [5] and by the universal light speed [6]), which cannot be overcome in the frame of the existing paradigm, abolish all forms of future sophistication of computing systems. The inevitably expected limit to the development of the computer technology based on silicon electronics motivates various directions in unconventional computing [7] ranging from quantum computing [8], which aspires to achieve significant speedup over the conventional electronic computers for some problems, to biomolecular computing with a ''soup'' of biochemical reactions inspired by biology and usually represented by DNA-based computing [9].Chemical computing, as a research subarea of unconventional computing, aims at using molecular or supramolecular systems to perform various computing operations that mimic processes typical of electronic computing devices [7]. Chemical reactions observed as changes of bulk material properties or structural reorganizations at the level of single molecules can be described in terms of information processing language, thus allowing for formulation of chemical processes as computing operations rather than traditional chemical transformations.The idea of using chemical transformations for information processing originated from the concept of ''artificial life'' as early as in 1970s, when artificial molecular machines were inspired by chemistry and brought to computer science [10]. Theoretical background for implementing logic gates and finite-state machines based on chemical flow systems and bistable reactions was developed in 1980s and 1990s [11], including application of chemical computing to solving a hard-to-solve problem of propositional satisfiability [12]. However, the practical realization of the theoretical concepts came later when already known Belousov-Zhabotinsky chemical oscillating systems [13] (Figure 1.2) were applied for experimental design of logic gates [14]. Extensive research in the area of reaction-diffusion computing systems [15] resulted in the formulation of conceptually novel circuits performing Molecular and Supramolecular Information Processing: From Molecular Switches to Logic Systems, First Edition. Edited by Evgeny Katz.

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Design and Operation of Microelectrochemical Gates and Integrated Circuits

Cited by 32 publications

References 24 publications

Dual-electrochromic bipolar electrode-based universal platform for the construction of various visual advanced logic devices

Dual-electrochromic bipolar electrode-based universal platform for the construction of various visual advanced logic devices

Decoding Network Structure in On-Chip Integrated Flow Cells with Synchronization of Electrochemical Oscillators

Molecular Information Processing: From Single Molecules to Supramolecular Systems and Interfaces – from Algorithms to Devices – Editorial Introduction

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