Design and operation of a modified silica gel column chromatography

Separation and purification of cardol, cardanol and anacardic acid from cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nut-shell liquid using a simple two-step column chromatography

“…At a decreased CNSL to silica gel ratio, CNSL will have more access to the immobilized hydrophobic ligands and bound stronger to the available surface of RP-silica gel which will result in lower recovery when the same amounts of mobile phase and eluent are used. Gunawan et al [14] also reported that more silica gel gave higher adsorption area available per unit non-polar lipid fraction, which resulted in longer elution time with comparable separation due to higher amount of mobile phase that was required to displace fatty acid steryl esters.…”

Irresolvable complex mixture of hydrocarbons in soybean oil deodorizer distillate

“…The NPLF was subjected to a modified preparative column chromatography (MPC) with n-hexane as the eluent to isolate a fraction that contains all HCs. Details of the MPC design and operation were described by Gunawan et al [15]. During elution, the HCs fraction was obtained in the first four and a half hours at 231C and an eluent flow rate of 4.0670.18 mL/min.…”

“…MPC was effective in collecting most unknown HCs and squalene [12]. MPC is a temperature-controllable and timeeffective method with comparable performance as that of CPC, but the amount of silica gel and eluent required is greatly reduced [15]. At a silica gel to NPLF ratio of 10 w/w, an eluent (n-hexane) flow rate of 4.06 mL/min, an operation temperature of 231C and an elution time of 4.5 h, all unknown aliphatic, steroidal and sesquiterpene HCs were collected in the first fraction.…”

Extraction and Enzymatic Modification of Functional Lipids from Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate

“…Alternatively, Maza and coworkers (Maza, 1992) concentrated tocopherols and sterols by addition of melted deodorizer distillates to a solution of urea and alcohol which separate fatty acids from the mixture. In addition, Gunawan and coworkers (Gunawan et al, 2008a) proposed a facile procedure to isolate naturally occurring FASEs from SODD without degradation of FASEs. SODD was first subjected to a modified soxhlet extraction (MSE) to enrich FASEs in a non polar lipid fraction (NPLF).…”