Design and modelling of a neural network-based energy management system for solar PV, fuel cell, battery and ultracapacitor-based hybrid electric vehicle

Exploring the Synergy of Artificial Intelligence in Energy Storage Systems for Electric Vehicles

“…In addition, good performance must be reported in terms of the estimated speed and torque, whose errors comprised 0.5-0.6%. Similar results are obtained in [32], where the overall battery performance is improved, with AI cooperating to keep SoC between 63 and 67% and global energy consumption reduced to −6.7%. This testifies that implementing AI carries benefits in the management of ESSs.…”

“…Other optimization algorithms are implemented in cooperation with ANN to reach a satisfying optimization convergence. Most of them merge ANN with Particle-Swarm Optimization (PSO) to reach valuable results from an optimization perspective [8,32]. This cooperation is helpful in improving the performance of ANN, especially when the prediction performance of the algorithm is satisfying, in addition to providing optimization parameters or optimization based on historical data.…”