Design and Methods of the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract

An estimated 650,000 Americans will have ESRD by 2010. Young adults with kidney failure often develop progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) in childhood and adolescence. The Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) prospective cohort study of 540 children aged 1 to 16 yr and have estimated GFR between 30 and 75 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 was established to identify novel risk factors for CKD progression; the impact of kidney function decline on growth, cognition, and behavior; and the evolution of cardiovascular disease risk factors. Annually, a physical examination documenting height, weight, Tanner stage, and standardized BP is conducted, and cognitive function, quality of life, nutritional, and behavioral questionnaires are completed by the parent or the child. Samples of serum, plasma, urine, hair, and fingernail clippings are stored in biosamples and genetics repositories. GFR is measured annually for 2 yr, then every other year using iohexol, HPLC creatinine, and cystatin C. Using age, gender, and serial measurements of Tanner stage, height, and creatinine, compared with iohexol GFR, a formula to estimate GFR that will improve on traditional pediatric GFR estimating equations when applied longitudinally is expected to be developed. Every other year, echocardiography and ambulatory BP monitoring will assess risk for cardiovascular disease. The primary outcome is the rate of decline of GFR. The CKiD study will be the largest North American multicenter study of pediatric CKD.

Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Children with CKD

“…Details of the CKiD study design have been previously published (19). Briefly, eligible children were aged 1-16 years, and had a Schwartz-estimated GFR between 30 and 90 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 (20,21).…”

A Predictive Model of Progression of CKD to ESRD in a Predialysis Pediatric Interdisciplinary Program

“…The amount of available data on CKD and ESRD in children has recently increased (3). For instance, the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study, a large North American pediatric observational cohort multicenter study, has compiled noteworthy information regarding fundamental issues in this population, such as hypertension, anemia, dyslipidemia, neurocognitive development, and somatic growth (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12).…”

Día Mundial del Riñón 2016. Prevención del legado de la nefropatía, con enfoque en la niñez

“…Es fundamental la evaluación de los cuidadores y de la estructura familiar, además de los factores culturales, sociales y financieros, al momento de la transición, incluida una revisión realista de la carga para los cuidadores. 4 El momento y el formato adecuados de la transición pueden variar ampliamente entre los distintos pacientes y entornos; por lo tanto, es preferible que el proceso sea flexible, sin una fecha definida e incluso sin un formato delineado.…”

“…[1][2][3][4] Además, la IRC infantil -en su mayoría de tipo congénito-y las complicaciones de muchas enfermedades no renales que afectan los riñones de manera secundaria, no solamente producen morbimortalidad considerable durante la niñez, sino que también llevan a afecciones médicas más allá de este período. De hecho, muchas muertes infantiles causadas por una larga lista de enfermedades transmisibles están inextricablemente relacionadas con el compromiso renal.…”