Design and mechanisms of antifouling materials for surface plasmon resonance sensors

Modulation of Living Cell Behavior with Ultra‐Low Fouling Polymer Brush Interfaces

“…Examples include nonionic poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate), poly(3‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate), poly( N ‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) (pHPMAA), zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine)‐based (pCB) brushes such as poly(carboxybetaine methacrylamide) (pCBMAA) and poly(carboxybetaine acrylamide) (pCBAA), or recently developed random copolymers combining zwitterionic and nonionic moieties such as p(CBMAA‐ co ‐HPMAA) 1,2,5,6. These platforms are characterized by diverse physicochemical surface properties including structure, architecture, thickness, rigidity, wettability, surface charge, packing density, or swelling properties; all of these parameters have been shown to have an impact on resulting surface resistance to fouling from complex media and biological activity of immobilized biorecognition elements 5,7. Therefore, it is expected that these factors may also significantly influence behavior of living cells in the proximity of such coatings.…”

New insights into the organic fouling mechanism of an in situ Ca2+ modified thin film composite forward osmosis membrane

“…26 Previous research results had indicated that membrane fouling was caused by initial foulant-membrane interactions followed by subsequent foulant-foulant interactions. 27 While the general characteristics and fouling behavior of TFC FO membrane are known, 11,24,28,29 the interaction mechanisms between TFC-Ca membrane and various organic substances are still unclear. Different organic substances lead to variations in the foulant-membrane interaction which can further affect the membrane fouling behavior.…”

Constructing safe and durable antibacterial textile surfaces using a robust graft-to strategy via covalent bond formation

“…In the “graft-from” method, the target zwitterionic layers are usually to be synthesized directly on the substrate surfaces via the steps of initiator immobilization on the surfaces and initiator initiated polymerization15. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is a typical and popular graft-from method to achieve the zwitterionic surfaces with expected surface functional performances151617. The grafting densities and layer components are able to be controlled based on the purpose.…”

“…Metal catalysts are also required in this method, so it cannot be used in certain systems, where metal contents are strictly limited. In the graft-to method, the zwitterionic derivatives are usually pre-synthesized in advance and then grafted onto the target substrate surfaces through chemical anchoring reactions1518. In this case, these zwitterionic derivatives often contain adhesive catechol, thiol, silane or hydroxyl groups acting as anchors to immobilize them on substrate surfaces181920.…”

“…In this case, these zwitterionic derivatives often contain adhesive catechol, thiol, silane or hydroxyl groups acting as anchors to immobilize them on substrate surfaces181920. In comparison with graft-from method, the graft-to method is more convenient and widely used to fabricate zwitterionic derivatives onto substrate surfaces15212223. But, using these chemical anchors in the graft-to method is hard to achieve the high grafting densities of zwitterionic derivatives on substrate surfaces.…”