Design and mechanical characterization of solid and highly porous 3D printed poly(propylene fumarate) scaffolds

Walker, Jason; Bodamer, Emily; Kleinfehn, Alex; Luo, Yuanyuan; Becker, Matthew L.; Dean, David

doi:10.1007/s40964-017-0021-3

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Additive manufacturing, specifically printing technologies, have been employed in many different applications ranging from electronic device fabrication [ 17 , 18 ], including transistors [ 19 ], light emitting diodes [ 20 ], and solar cells [ 21 ] to biofabrication [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ], tissue engineering [ 26 , 27 , 28 ], and optimizing the surgical planning [ 29 ]. For example, in drug delivery systems, inkjet printing can provide a platform with which to engineer the surface properties of the host material in order to obtain zero-order release kinetics [ 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inkjet Printing of Synthesized Melanin Nanoparticles as a Biocompatible Matrix for Pharmacologic Agents

et al. 2020

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Melanin is a natural biopigment that is produced by melanocytes and can be found in most living organisms. The unique physical and chemical properties of melanin render it potentially useful for numerous applications, particularly those in which a biocompatible functional material is required. Herein, we introduce one important technology in which melanin can be utilized: a drug delivery system in terms of a biocompatible matrix. However, extracting melanin from different biological sources is costly and time-consuming and introduces variabilities in terms of chemical structure, properties, and functions. Hence, a functionally reproducible system is hard to achieve using biologically extracted melanin. Here we report the synthesis of melanin nanoparticles of controlled uniform sizes and chemical characteristics. The optical, chemical, and structural characteristics of synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by optical confocal photoluminescence (PL) imaging, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Zeta potentiometry. The melanin nanoparticles have 100 nm size and a narrow size distribution. The advantage of a nanoparticle structure is its enhanced surface-to-volume ratio compared to bulk pigments, which is important for applications in which controlling the microscopic surface area is essential. Using the inkjet printing technique, we developed melanin thin films with minimum ink waste and loaded them with methylene blue (our representative drug) to test the drug-loading ability of the melanin nanoparticles. Inkjet printing allowed us to create smooth uniform films with precise deposition and minimum ink-waste. The spectroscopic analysis confirmed the attachment of the “drug” onto the melanin nanoparticles as a matrix. Hence, our data identify melanin as a material system to integrate into drug release applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inkjet Printing of Synthesized Melanin Nanoparticles as a Biocompatible Matrix for Pharmacologic Agents

et al. 2020

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“…Other porous structures, for instance, diamond [13,15,16,17,18], truncated cube [18], truncated cuboctahedron [13,18], tetrahedron [2], rhombicuboctahedron [18] and octet truss [2], have also been studied for orthopedic application. Lately, with unique mechanical and biological behavior, triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) porous design have become the focus of research [19,20,21]. This is due to zero mean curvature, which shows the same character as trabecular bone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another study, gyroid structure has been discovered in biological structural coloration of butterfly wing scale in biomimetic materials research [26]. Jason et al [21] developed an algorithm for constructing gyroid-type porous geometry to facilitate engineers and clinicians in manipulating porous scaffold parameters. Yan et al [27] evaluated TPMS mechanical properties of manufactured gyroid by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and concluded that Ti-6Al-4V TPMS scaffold can be customized to replicate human bones and avoid stress shielding on implants, thus increasing durability of implants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Unit Cell Type and Pore Size on Porosity and Mechanical Behavior of Additively Manufactured Ti6Al4V Scaffolds

et al. 2018

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Porous metal structures have emerged as a promising solution in repairing and replacing damaged bone in biomedical applications. With the advent of additive manufacturing technology, fabrication of porous scaffold architecture of different unit cell types with desired parameters can replicate the biomechanical properties of the natural bone, thereby overcoming the issues, such as stress shielding effect, to avoid implant failure. The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of cube and gyroid unit cell types, with pore size ranging from 300 to 600 µm, on porosity and mechanical behavior of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) scaffolds. Scaffold samples were modeled and analyzed using finite element analysis (FEA) following the ISO standard (ISO 13314). Selective laser melting (SLM) process was used to manufacture five samples of each type. Morphological characterization of samples was performed through micro CT Scan system and the samples were later subjected to compression testing to assess the mechanical behavior of scaffolds. Numerical and experimental analysis of samples show porosity greater than 50% for all types, which is in agreement with desired porosity range of natural bone. Mechanical properties of samples depict that values of elastic modulus and yield strength decreases with increase in porosity, with elastic modulus reduced up to 3 GPa and yield strength decreased to 7 MPa. However, while comparing with natural bone properties, only cube and gyroid structure with pore size 300 µm falls under the category of giving similar properties to that of natural bone. Analysis of porous scaffolds show promising results for application in orthopedic implants. Application of optimum scaffold structures to implants can reduce the premature failure of implants and increase the reliability of prosthetics.

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“…3D printing technology, also known as additive manufacturing technology, is relative to the traditional machining and other “subtractive manufacturing” technology, based on the dispersing and accumulating figuration principle, through the gradual accumulation of materials to achieve manufacturing technology 1 . Compared with the traditional manufacturing technology, 3D printing technology possesses excellent properties such as low production cost, short production time, saving raw materials and flexibility to create components with complex structures and shapes 2–5 . 3D printing technology has been widely applied in biological medicine, aerospace manufacturing industry, creative design, costume design and manufacturing, education, and so forth 6–10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on curing shrinkage and mechanism of DHOM‐modified epoxy‐acrylate‐based UV‐curing 3D printing materials

Sun

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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UV‐curing 3D printing technology is one of the technologies with the highest molding efficiency and accuracy in the field of 3D printing. At present, the main problems of UV‐curing 3D printing materials include the high curing shrinkage and the low toughness. In this work, free radical/cation hybrid curing system was developed, the effects of expansion monomer (DHOM, 3,9‐diethyl‐3′,9′‐dihydro‐xymethyl‐1,5,7,11‐tetraoxaspiro[5,5]undecanone) on the curing shrinkage, toughness, and other properties of the epoxy acrylate‐based UV‐curing 3D printing materials were investigated. The results showed that when the added amount of DHOM was 15 wt%, the best comprehensive performance of UV‐curing 3D printing materials was obtained. At this time, the curing shrinkage rate decreased from 6.13% to 3.47%. The main reason was that DHOM undergoes ring‐opening polymerization under the action of cationic photoinitiator, resulted in volume expansion. The impact strength increased from 9.61 to 12.13 KJ/m2, which was because that the ring‐opening reaction of DHOM reduced the curing shrinkage of the resin system and released the internal stress between the resin molecules.

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Design and mechanical characterization of solid and highly porous 3D printed poly(propylene fumarate) scaffolds

Abstract: dense parts, as well parts with designed porosity, to establish a baseline for mechanical properties. Orientation-based mechanical anisotropy was seen in these 3D printed porous specimens. Finally, we demonstrate how such architectures can be embedded into anatomical shapes.

Cited by 41 publications

References 36 publications

Inkjet Printing of Synthesized Melanin Nanoparticles as a Biocompatible Matrix for Pharmacologic Agents

Inkjet Printing of Synthesized Melanin Nanoparticles as a Biocompatible Matrix for Pharmacologic Agents

Effect of Unit Cell Type and Pore Size on Porosity and Mechanical Behavior of Additively Manufactured Ti6Al4V Scaffolds

Study on curing shrinkage and mechanism of DHOM‐modified epoxy‐acrylate‐based UV‐curing 3D printing materials

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