Design and manufacturing a smart shoe for diabetic foot ulcer monitoring and prediction system using internet-of-things technology

In-shoe plantar pressure measurement technologies for the diabetic foot: A systematic review

“…This review identified several types of technology integrated into the proposed measurement systems, including resistive technology [ 44 , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] , [64] , [65] ], piezoelectric [ 39 , 40 , 46 ], capacitive [ 41 , 52 , 66 ], inductive [ 49 , 51 ], fiber optics [ 38 , 50 , [67] , [68] , [69] , [70] , [71] , [72] ] and textile technology with piezoresistive features [ [73] , [74] , [75] ]. In Fig.…”

“…The behavior of these sensors is well known and exhibits an almost linear and predictable response within a certain range of pressure values and operating temperatures [ 26 , 30 , [76] , [77] , [78] ]. The resistive sensors used are mostly force-sensing resistors (FSRs) [ 61 , 62 ], although other applications use Velostat, a polymeric film that follows the same behaviour as this type of sensor [ [63] , [64] , [65] ]; piezoresistive sensors: like resistive sensors, the entire body of these sensor is typically made of piezoresistive material. They are designed to react when the material is stretched, resulting in a variation in electrical resistance.…”

“…The behavior of these sensors is well known and exhibits an almost linear and predictable response within a certain range of pressure values and operating temperatures [ 26 , 30 , [76] , [77] , [78] ]. The resistive sensors used are mostly force-sensing resistors (FSRs) [ 61 , 62 ], although other applications use Velostat, a polymeric film that follows the same behaviour as this type of sensor [ [63] , [64] , [65] ];…”