Design and manufacturing a small-scale radial-inflow turbine for clean organic Rankine power system

Jubori, Ayad M. Al; Al-Mousawi, Fadhel Noraldeen; Rahbar, Kiyarash; Al-Dadah, Raya; Mahmoud, Saad

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120488

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The peak efficiency of the radial turbine was 35.2% under the experimental conditions [46]. A 5 kW inflow-radial turbine was designed, and the predicted turbine efficiency was 78.32% with a power of 4.8 kW using R600 as the working fluid [47]. The small-scale turbines mentioned previously are designed for ORCs with low-temperature sources, about 100 • C [32][33][34][35]42,43,47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A 5 kW inflow-radial turbine was designed, and the predicted turbine efficiency was 78.32% with a power of 4.8 kW using R600 as the working fluid [47]. The small-scale turbines mentioned previously are designed for ORCs with low-temperature sources, about 100 • C [32][33][34][35]42,43,47]. Most of them are radial turbines, and the pressures at the turbine inlet are not very high, 19.9 bar in [38], 0.392 bar in [39], 34.7 bar in [40], 18.1 bar in [41], 13.0 bar in [46], 7.9 bar in [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary Design of an Axial-Flow Turbine for Small-Scale Supercritical Organic Rankine Cycle

2021

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A small-scale organic Rankine cycle (ORC) with kW-class power output has a wide application prospect in industrial low-grade energy utilization. Increasing the expansion pressure ratio of small-scale ORC is an effective approach to improve the energy efficiency. However, there is a lack of suitable expander for small-scale ORC that can operate with a high efficiency under the condition of large expansion pressure ratio and small mass flow rate. Aiming at the design of high-efficiency axial-flow turbine in small ORC system, this paper investigates the performance of a kW-class axial-flow turbine and proposes a method for efficiency improvement. First, the preliminary design of an axial-flow turbine is conducted to optimize the geometric parameters and aerodynamic parameters. Then, the effects of tip clearance and trailing edge thickness on turbine performance are analyzed under design and off-design conditions. The results show that the efficiency of the two-stage or three-stage turbine is evidently better than that of the single-stage one. The output power and efficiency of the three-stage turbine are close to that of the two-stage turbine while the speed is lower. Meanwhile, the trailing edge loss and leakage loss can be significantly reduced via reducing the trailing edge thickness and tip clearance, and thus the turbine efficiency can be improved significantly. The estimated efficiency arrives at 0.82, which is 33% higher than that of the conventional turbine. Considering the limitation of turbine speed, three-stage axial-flow turbine is a feasible choice to improve turbine efficiency in a small-scale ORC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Design of an Axial-Flow Turbine for Small-Scale Supercritical Organic Rankine Cycle

2021

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“…According to the experimental results under off-design points, the highest ORC thermal efficiency is 4.25% with a turbine isentropic efficiency of 45.22%. In addition, Al Jubori et al [11] designed an innovative small-scale axial turbine for ORC driven by low-temperature heat sources. The results revealed that the two-stage turbine had higher turbine performance with overall isentropic efficiency of 83.94%, power output of 16.037 kW and ORC thermal efficiency of 14.19%, compared to those of the single-stage turbine with 78.30%, 11.06 kW, and 10.5%, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle with the Turbine Embedded in a Generator (TEG)

2022

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The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is a thermodynamic cycle in which electrical power is generated using an organic refrigerant as a working fluid at low temperatures with low-grade enthalpy. We propose a turbine embedded in a generator (TEG), wherein the turbine rotor is embedded inside the generator rotor, thus simplifying turbine generator structure using only one bearing. The absence of tip clearance between the turbine rotor blade and casing wall in the TEG eliminates tip clearance loss, enhancing turbine efficiency. A single-stage axial-flow turbine was designed using mean-line analysis based on physical properties, and we conducted a parametric study of turbine performance, and predicted turbine efficiency and power using the tip clearance loss coefficient. When the tip clearance loss coefficient was applied, turbine isentropic efficiency and power were 0.89 and 20.42 kW, respectively, and ORC thermal efficiency was 4.81%. Conversely, the isentropic efficiency and power of the turbine without the tip clearance loss coefficient were 0.94 and 22.03 kW, respectively, and the thermal efficiency of the ORC was 5.08%. Therefore, applying the proposed TEG to the ORC system simplifies the turbine generator, while improving ORC thermal efficiency. A 3D turbine generator assembly with proposed TEG structure was also proposed.

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“…Moreover, CFD can be applied as a reference of validation of mean-line models. Al Jubori et al [47] developed a 1D mean-line model for designing a single stage radial turbine accompanied with CFD and experimental investigations. The results showed a tight race between the mean-line model and CFD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of 3D Turbine Blades for Automotive Organic Rankine Cycles: Mathematical and Computational Perspectives

2020

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Organic Rankine cycle technology is gaining increasing interest as one of potent future waste heat recovery potential from internal combustion engines. The turbine is the component where power production takes place. Therefore, careful attention to the turbine design through mathematical and numerical simulations is required. As the rotor is the main component of the turbine, the generation of the 3D shape of the rotor blades and stator vanes is of great importance. Although several types of commercial software have been developed, such types are still expensive and time-consuming. In this study, detailed mathematical modelling was presented. To account for real gas properties, REFPROP software was used. Moreover, a detailed 3D CFD numerical analysis was presented to examine the nature of the flow after generating the 3D shapes of the turbine. Moreover, finite element analysis was performed using various types of materials to obtain best-fit material for the current application. As the turbine is part of a larger system (i.e., ORC system), the effects of its performance on the whole ORC system were discussed. The results showed that the flow was smooth with no recirculation at the design point except at the last part of the suction surface where strong vortices were noticed. Despite the strong vortices, the mathematical model proved to be an effective and fast tool for the generation of the 3D shapes of turbine blades and vanes. The deviations between the 1D mean-line and 3D CFD in turbine efficiency and power output were 2.28% and 5.10%, respectively.

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Design and manufacturing a small-scale radial-inflow turbine for clean organic Rankine power system

Cited by 19 publications

References 27 publications

Preliminary Design of an Axial-Flow Turbine for Small-Scale Supercritical Organic Rankine Cycle

Preliminary Design of an Axial-Flow Turbine for Small-Scale Supercritical Organic Rankine Cycle

Performance Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle with the Turbine Embedded in a Generator (TEG)

Generation of 3D Turbine Blades for Automotive Organic Rankine Cycles: Mathematical and Computational Perspectives

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