Design and initial performance of PlanTIS: a high-resolution positron emission tomograph for plants

Beer, Simone; Streun, M.; Hombach, Thomas; Buehler, J; Jahnke, Siegfried; Khodaverdi, Maryam; Larue, H.; Minwuyelet, Senay; Parl, C.; Roeb, G. W.; Schurr, Uli; Ziemons, K.

doi:10.1088/0031-9155/55/3/006

Cited by 43 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The spatial resolution for PET images was lower than 4 mm full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM), which is a very good spatial resolution of the root functioning and carbon translocation compared to the usual dedicated plant PET scanners (Beer et al 2010). With a resolution up to 0.6 mm, the CT images resolution was rather similar to the resolution achieved using MRI (0.4 mm) (Jahnke et al 2009).…”

Section: The Presented Pet/ct Techniquementioning

confidence: 95%

The use of PET/CT scanning technique for 3D visualization and quantification of real-time soil/plant interactions

et al. 2011

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Aims Conventional methodology using destructive sampling, which is laborious and has poor spatial and temporal resolution, has limited our understanding of soil-plant interactions. New non-invasive tomographic techniques have the potential to significantly improve our knowledge. In this study we demonstrated the simultaneous use of PET (positron emission tomography) and CT (X-ray computed tomography) to (a) non-destructively image a whole plant growing in sand, and (b) to link the observed morphology with recently assimilated C. The PET scanner was used to detect and visualize the location of the short-lived radioisotope 11 C (with a half-life of 20.4 min) taken up by the plant through 11 C-labelled CO 2 . This provided information on carbon translocation and the metabolism of photo-assimilates in the plant as well as root structure. The CT scanners yielded data on soil and root structure. Methods A medical PET/CT scanner was used to scan a fodder radish plant growing in a pot with test soil composed of homogenous sand. We constructed an air-plant-soil controller system (APS) to control the environmental conditions, such as CO 2 , temperature and light during the experiment. The plant was allowed to assimilate 11 CO 2 for 90 min before PET scanning was initiated. We carried out PET scanning for 60 min. Subsequently, the aerial parts of the plant was cut off and the pot was rescanned using a micro-CT scanner to obtain more detailed information on structure of the root system and the growth medium structure. Results The acquired PET and CT images gave images clearly visualizing the architecture and morphology of root and soil. Using a CT scanner, we were able to detect the main taproot located at 0 to 30 mm depth. With the PET scanner, we were able to measure a signal down to 82 mm below the surface of the sand. We found the highest concentration of 11 C at the position of the main root. The PET images, at different time intervals, showed the translocation and metabolisation of photo-assimilates from top to root. Using the micro-CT scanner (voxel size of 90 μm), we were able to detect roots down to 100 mm depth. These findings correlated the PET signals measured down to 82 mm depth.

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Section: The Presented Pet/ct Techniquementioning

confidence: 95%

The use of PET/CT scanning technique for 3D visualization and quantification of real-time soil/plant interactions

et al. 2011

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“…Two groups of four detector modules stand face-to-face and rotate around the field-of-view (FOV). More details about this PET system can be found in Beer et al (2010). The oak tree was placed in the PET system one day before the measurements to achieve acclimatisation of the tree.…”

Section: Data Collection and Analysis During The Half-girdling Experimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PET data were reconstructed and converted by specific image reconstructiontools to 3D-images that represent half-life corrected data (Beer et al, 2010). Based on the position of three reference tubes, PET images of successive 11 C runs could be compared in time.…”

Section: Data Collection and Analysis During The Half-girdling Experimentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree Girdling: A Tool to Improve Our Understanding of Coupled Sugar and Water Transport

Schepper¹,

Steppe²

2013

Acta Hortic.

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(max 300 words)Girdling can be used as a valuable research tool to improve our understanding of the integrated water (xylem) and sugar (phloem) transport. Therefore, girdling was applied in two ways on young oak trees (Quercus robur L.): manipulation of the sugar flow by mechanically removing a half band of bark (halfgirdling) and a complete band of bark at two different heights (double girdling). The double girdling effects on both the water and sugar transport were investigated by analysing stem diameter variations, photosynthesis, xylem sap flow and concentrations of carbohydrates. The double-girdled oak trees could be divided in three stem zones: (1) the upper stem zone (U) still receiving new assimilates from the leaves, (2) the lowest stem zone (L) receiving only stored sugars from the roots, and (3) the middle stem zone (M) completely isolated from crown and roots. As downward carbon transport was interrupted by girdling, the stem expansion and carbohydrate content increased in U, indicating that U became the major sink instead of the roots. In contrast to U, stem expansion and carbohydrate content decreased in the two lower stem zones (M and L). Furthermore, a decrease in photosynthesis and sap flow rate was observed, which could be attributed to an indirect girdling effect. In the half-girdled trees, a labelling with radio-active 11 C was applied to visualise the sugar flow in small stem segments. The images of the labelled sugar flows showed that the translocation in the transport phloem was sectorial in both treated and untreated trees. However, half-girdling demonstrated that this sectorial behaviour was plastic and that lateral sugar translocation in the transport phloem was enhanced after wounding. In conclusion, different ways of girdling were successfully applied to test and confirm several in literature proposed hypotheses.

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“…To generate an accurate image, data handling is required -including corrections for scatter and random events, attenuation, detector efficiency, geometry, and system dead-time [80,86]. Furthermore, the exponentially decreasing tracer activity needs to be decay-corrected, which increases the noise with time, and limits scanning time to about 7-9 half-lives (Table 1) [25,50].…”

Section: A Brief Introduction To Petmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-PET Scans: In Vivo Mapping of Xylem and Phloem Functioning

Hubeau

Steppe

2015

Trends in Plant Science

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Design and initial performance of PlanTIS: a high-resolution positron emission tomograph for plants

Cited by 43 publications

References 21 publications

The use of PET/CT scanning technique for 3D visualization and quantification of real-time soil/plant interactions

The use of PET/CT scanning technique for 3D visualization and quantification of real-time soil/plant interactions

Tree Girdling: A Tool to Improve Our Understanding of Coupled Sugar and Water Transport

Plant-PET Scans: In Vivo Mapping of Xylem and Phloem Functioning

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