Design and in vivo evaluation of ultrafine inorganic-oxide-containing-sunscreen formulations

Türkoğlu, Murat; YENER, S.

doi:10.1046/j.1467-2494.1997.171714.x

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…149 Despite it is widely investigated photo catalytic properties, which indicate that large numbers of redox reactions can occur on the surface during UV exposure, titanium dioxide has always been considered to be a harmless and innocuous ingredient when added as a filter to sunscreen preparations or added as a whitener to many food and cosmetic products. [184][185][186] A number of recent studies have revealed that under UVA irradiation, TiO 2 may catalyze the degradation of biomolecules (Table 1). Additionally, they have the potential to destroy peroxidase enzymatic activity 187 and cause in vitro photo toxicity.…”

Section: Influence Of Interactions With Other Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity Associated with the Photo Catalytic and Photo Stable Forms of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Used in Sunscreen lotion

Tanvir¹,

Pulvin²,

Anderson³

2015

MOJT

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Abbreviations: IARC, international agency for research on cancer; UV, ultraviolet; QD, quantum dot; ROS, reactive oxygen species; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; CB, conduction band Photo catalytic nano-TiO 2 is in demand for remediation, sterilization and sanitation, whereas photos table nano-TiO 2 is MOJ Toxicol. 2015;1(3):78-94. 78 AbstractThe increasing number of applications using titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO 2 ) highlights the need to continuously and systematically investigate its toxicity. Particle size, surface area and dose are the classical parameters considered when performing toxicity studies. However, consideration of the size-related properties and altered reactivity can unveil complex and unexpected phenomena arising from the interplay of the different factors. In addition to particle size, altered reactivity can be induced by intentional or unintentional modifications of the nanoparticles by their surrounding matrix. This effect could potentially influence the nanoparticles' band gap, surface reactivity, agglomeration, mobility and photo catalytic behavior. The remarkable ability to absorb impurities from the surrounding medium could transform nano-TiO 2 into a surrogate carrier of trace elements (e.g., heavy metal ions), which heightens their transportation and intracellular accumulation. This review outlines the different characteristics and interactions that may contribute to the underlying mechanisms of health and environmental toxicity of nano-TiO 2 , and identifies gaps in current understanding.

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Section: Influence Of Interactions With Other Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity Associated with the Photo Catalytic and Photo Stable Forms of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Used in Sunscreen lotion

Tanvir¹,

Pulvin²,

Anderson³

2015

MOJT

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Abbreviations: IARC, international agency for research on cancer; UV, ultraviolet; QD, quantum dot; ROS, reactive oxygen species; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; CB, conduction band Photo catalytic nano-TiO 2 is in demand for remediation, sterilization and sanitation, whereas photos table nano-TiO 2 is MOJ Toxicol. 2015;1(3):78-94. 78 AbstractThe increasing number of applications using titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO 2 ) highlights the need to continuously and systematically investigate its toxicity. Particle size, surface area and dose are the classical parameters considered when performing toxicity studies. However, consideration of the size-related properties and altered reactivity can unveil complex and unexpected phenomena arising from the interplay of the different factors. In addition to particle size, altered reactivity can be induced by intentional or unintentional modifications of the nanoparticles by their surrounding matrix. This effect could potentially influence the nanoparticles' band gap, surface reactivity, agglomeration, mobility and photo catalytic behavior. The remarkable ability to absorb impurities from the surrounding medium could transform nano-TiO 2 into a surrogate carrier of trace elements (e.g., heavy metal ions), which heightens their transportation and intracellular accumulation. This review outlines the different characteristics and interactions that may contribute to the underlying mechanisms of health and environmental toxicity of nano-TiO 2 , and identifies gaps in current understanding.

show abstract

Section: Influence Of Interactions With Other Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity Associated with the Photo Catalytic and Photo Stable Forms of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Used in Sunscreen lotion

Pulvin¹

2015

MOJT

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Abbreviations: IARC, international agency for research on cancer; UV, ultraviolet; QD, quantum dot; ROS, reactive oxygen species; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; CB, conduction band IntroductionThe properties of materials change as their size approaches the nano particle scale, which is generally considered to be that with at least one dimension of 100nm or less. The toxicity of nanoparticles has been linked to such characteristics as elemental composition, charge, shape, Crystallinity, surface area, solubility and surface chemistry/ derivatization. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Understanding the nano particle-cell interaction is thought to be critical for the safe development of nano materials. 7 It seems unlikely that the potential toxicity of nanoparticles and the underlying mechanisms can be predicted or explained by any single unifying concept.This review is focused on Titania (TiO 2 ) for which there is substantial interest in the chemical, biological, and industrial worlds because of its fascinating and useful physicochemical properties. Currently, information describing the relative health and environmental risks associated with nano-TiO 2 is severely lacking. Only recently, critical questions regarding the potential human health and environmental impact of nano-TiO 2 have been raised. [8][9][10][11] TiO 2 particles have long been considered to pose little risk to respiratory health because they are both chemically and thermally stable. 12 However, TiO 2 is classified as a Group 2B carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) based on the findings of lung tumor induction in female rats. 13,14 Nano-TiO 2 is attractive for use in a large number of applications based on its unique optical and photo catalytic properties, tunable band gap, thermal stability, chemical resistance and hardness.15Because of the relatively large band-gap, the particles absorb the higher-energy (shorter wavelength) ultraviolet radiation making it a useful constituent in sunscreen products. TiO 2 photo catalysis is widely used in the fields of wastewater treatment, 16 sterilization, 17 self-cleaning, 18 hydrogen evolution, 19 and photoelectron chemical conversion. 20 Normally, TiO 2 can only be excited with ultraviolet (UV) light because of its wide band gap, 21 although this is considered a drawback when photo catalytic conversion is desired under visible light. The crystalline structure is the major factor determining the band gap, but secondary factors include the particle size and the presence of defects (physical or chemical). 22,23 A large surface-tomass ratio of the nanoparticles helps to promote catalytic reactions, and increases their ability to absorb and carry other compounds. Their surface reactivity originates from quantum phenomena that can make nano-TiO 2 seemingly unpredictable. 24Engineered nano-TiO 2 is designed to impart specific characteristics that vary according to their use. Aside from unique nanoscale properties (size, Crystallinity, reactivity, and thermodynamics), nanoTiO 2 may be funct...

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“…[24][25] The biocompatibility, large surface area, stability and strong adsorptive ability of TiO 2 nanoparticles have led to direct applications of this material in the preparation of biosensors. [27][28] For example, Li et al have successfully assembled heme on TiO 2 nanoparticles containing proteins such as cytochrome c, myoglobin and hemoglobin to enhance their electron transfer reactivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urea Sensing Characteristics of Titanate Nanotubes Deposited by Electrophoretic Deposition Method

Ansari¹,

Ansari²,

Seo³

et al. 2011

J. Nanosci. Nanotech.

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Urea sensing properties of titanate nanotubes (TNT) are presented here. TNT films were deposited by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method on aluminum substrate. Prior to EPD, commercial nanoparticles of TiO2 were hydrothermally treated at 70 degrees C for 48 h after sonicating the solution for 8 h. Hydrothermal method resulted in the conversion of particles to tubular structure following the established method. Urease was covalently attached with TNT (by soaking in urease solution for 3 h). In general, conductivity of film increases after urease immobilization. The urease immobilized films were characterized for urea sensing in the concentration range of 1 mM to 500 mM. Three different sensitivity regions are observed viz. (i) lower concentrations (below 10 mM); (ii) linear region up to 100 mM and a (iii) saturation region above 100 mM. Sensors are extremely sensitive in region (i). From the elemental analyses of the films after urease immobilization, urease was found attached with TiO2, as evident by N 1s peak in the photoelectron spectra. Cyclic voltammetric studies indicated surface-confined redox couple is responsible for sensing behavior. A possible sensing mechanism is presented and discussed.

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Design and in vivo evaluation of ultrafine inorganic-oxide-containing-sunscreen formulations

Cited by 21 publications

References 3 publications

Toxicity Associated with the Photo Catalytic and Photo Stable Forms of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Used in Sunscreen lotion

Toxicity Associated with the Photo Catalytic and Photo Stable Forms of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Used in Sunscreen lotion

Toxicity Associated with the Photo Catalytic and Photo Stable Forms of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Used in Sunscreen lotion

Urea Sensing Characteristics of Titanate Nanotubes Deposited by Electrophoretic Deposition Method

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