Design and Implementation of Open LoRa for IoT

Zhou, Qihao; Zheng, Kan; Hou, Lu; Xing, Jinyu; Xu, Renhui

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2930243

Cited by 120 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Figure 12 shows the average throughput in terms of the proposed adaptive p-persistent CD/CSMA protocol and adaptive p-persistent CSMA without CDMA protocol for different traffic and high load. The curve of the highest average throughput for the adaptive p-persistent CSMA protocol is Poisson (10), which is superior to the average throughput of Poisson (5) and Poisson (3). Normally, when the system traffic increases for the adaptive p-persistent CSMA protocol, the average throughput should increase as well, but the average throughput of Poisson (5) and Poisson (3) do not increase.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Similar to the medium access control (MAC) layer protocol of LoRa, Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is an emerging low-complexity protocol for wireless communication in the unlicensed spectrum using LoRa modulation [4,5]. It is also considered to be one of the most promising wireless technologies for IoT because of the low complexity, the low power consumption equipment, and its open business model [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Performance Long Range-Based Medium Access Control Layer Protocol

Liu

Liang

et al. 2020

Electronics

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Long Range (LoRa) has become one of the most promising physical layer technologies for the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. Although it manifests low-power consumption and long-distance communication, LoRa encounters a large number of collisions in the IoT environment, which severely affects the system’s throughput and delay performance. In this paper, a code division carrier sense multiple access (CD/CSMA) protocol that resolves the traditional channel collision problem and implements multi-channel transmission is proposed for the LoRa medium access control (MAC) layer. To reduce data transmission delay and maximize the throughput of the system, the adaptive p-persistent CSMA protocol divides the channel load into four states and dynamically adjusts the data transmission probability. Then, to reduce channel collisions significantly, the code division multiple access (CDMA) protocol is performed on different channel states. Moreover, the combination of the proposed adaptive p-persistent CSMA protocol and the CDMA successfully reduces the number of data retransmissions and makes LoRa more stable. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive p-persistent CD/CSMA protocol can achieve near-optimal and occasionally even better performance than some conventional MAC protocols, especially in a heavy load channel.

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Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Performance Long Range-Based Medium Access Control Layer Protocol

Liu

Liang

et al. 2020

Electronics

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“…Note that the GW is assumed to be able to distinguish between I T , R colli and R ch . Since the transmissions from n i in the lower Pr clusters C LP r wait until transmissions from n i in the higher Pr clusters C HP r are satisfied, the delay of D C LP r is given as in equation (6):…”

Section: B Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unsupervised Learning Clustering and Dynamic Transmission Scheduling for Efficient Dense LoRaWAN Networks

et al. 2020

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Long-Range (LoRa) communication technology is considered as a promising connectivity solutions for Internet of Things (IoT) dense applications. In particular, LoRa has drawn the interest due to its low power consumption and wide area coverage. Despite the benefits of LoRaWAN protocol, it still suffers from excessive random and simultaneous transmissions due to the adoption of ALOHA protocol. Therefore, resulting in severe packet collision rate as the network scales up. This leads to continuous retransmission attempts, which in return increase the transmission delay and energy consumption. Thus, this paper proposes a dynamic transmission Priority Scheduling Technique (PST) based on the unsupervised learning clustering algorithm to reduce the packet collision rate and enhance the network's transmission delay and energy consumption. Particularly, the LoRa gateway classifies the nodes into different transmission priority clusters. While the dynamic PST allows the gateway to configure the transmission intervals for the nodes according to the transmission priorities of the corresponding clusters. This work allows scaling up the network density while maintaining low packet collision rate and significantly enhances the transmission delay & the energy consumption. Simulation results show that the proposed work outperforms the typical LoRaWAN and recent clustering & scheduling schemes. Therefore, the proposed work is well suited for dense applications in LoRaWAN.

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“…The technique used in our research uses TDoA data measured at four synchronized GWs with known locations. The position and architecture of the GWs and LoRa network server has been studied following authors in Zhou et al 24 The architecture GWs, LoRa network server and end‐nodes have been installed based on streaming data for the interconnectivity between modules and GWs, so as to ensure flexibility and scalability and inside the area. Using the above algorithms, we start by studying the positioning accuracy and error as it emerged from the simulations in Python 25 …”

Section: Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geolocation analysis for Search And Rescue systems using LoRaWAN

Bouras

Γκάμας

Kokkinos

et al. 2020

Int J Communication

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Summary Low‐power wide‐area network (LPWAN) technologies are aiming to provide power‐efficient solutions to the field of Internet of Things (IoT). Over the last years, we have seen a significant development within the area of IoT applications. For many applications, the problem of localization (i.e., determine the physical location of nodes) is critical. An area study of such use case is also the rescue monitor systems. In this study, we start by describing a solution designed for the long range wide area network (LoRaWAN) to localize position of IoT modules such as wearables used from vulnerable groups. Through performance study of the behavior of a LoRaWAN channel and using trilateration and RSSI information, the localization of an IoT wearable can be acquired within a small range. Routing people in need is one of the use cases the above mechanism could be integrated so as to be able to be tracked by familiar people. After that, we evaluate the usage of mathematical model of multilateration algorithms using time difference of arrival (TDoA) as a solution for positioning over LoRaWAN. The research is carried out using simulations in Python by configuring the constant positions of the Gateways inside an outdoor area. The proposed algorithms can be integrated in application for tracking people at any time and especially routing people from vulnerable groups. Through multilateration and algorithm's prediction, we can have an accuracy of 40–60 m in location positioning, ideal for search and rescue use cases. We finally summarize the above algorithms' estimation and general behavior in a SAR system.

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Design and Implementation of Open LoRa for IoT

Cited by 120 publications

References 15 publications

High-Performance Long Range-Based Medium Access Control Layer Protocol

High-Performance Long Range-Based Medium Access Control Layer Protocol

Unsupervised Learning Clustering and Dynamic Transmission Scheduling for Efficient Dense LoRaWAN Networks

Geolocation analysis for Search And Rescue systems using LoRaWAN

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