Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Analgesic Bracelet Based on Wrist-ankle Acupuncture

Shi, Ping; Du, Jiahao; Fang, Fanfu; Yu, Hongliu; Liu, Junwen

doi:10.1109/tbcas.2020.3039063

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Relevant studies suggest that electroacupuncture can regulate the functions of the pelvic floor muscles and anal sphincter by stimulating the anterior root of the iliac nerve. Compared with the primary damage of spinal cord injury, the consequences of secondary damage are more serious to a certain extent but can be controlled by early intervention, which has become a key factor in the current treatment of SCI [9][10][11]. In spinal cord injury, RhoA and its downstream factor ROCK (Rho kinase), as a negative factor signaling pathway for growth cone motility, are blocked by the coreceptor NgR of various inhibitory factors (MAG, CSPGs, semaphorin 4D, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Electric Acupuncture on Neural Functional Recovery and Related Pathways of Rats after Spinal Cord Injury

Lai¹,

Liu

Liu³

2022

BioMed Research International

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Background. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a type of damage to the central nervous system (CNS) caused by various factors. The secondary injury of SCI is more complicated. Studies have found that electroacupuncture can help the recovery of nerve function during spinal cord injury. Therefore, this study explored the efficacy of electroacupuncture on complications after spinal cord injury through meta-analysis. Methods. Relevant literatures published from January 2010 to March 2022 were searched with “Electric acupuncture, Spinal cord injury, Neural functional recovery, Spinal cord injury in rats, Neuronal Signaling” as search words. The risk of bias of included references was analyzed and assessed using RevMan 5.3 software and Stata software. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the Q -test and heterogeneity ( I 2 ). Results. There was no heterogeneity among the study groups. The comparison on the therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture and conventional therapy suggested that electroacupuncture was more effective for nerve recovery after spinal cord injury than conventional therapy. It can better improve the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury in rats. On the other hand, SCI+EA had a good inhibitory effect on the expression of RhoA protein signal in rats and had a positive effect on the signal pathway. Discussion. The results of meta-analysis confirmed that electroacupuncture was more effective than conventional therapy in inhibiting pathways.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Electric Acupuncture on Neural Functional Recovery and Related Pathways of Rats after Spinal Cord Injury

Lai¹,

Liu

Liu³

2022

BioMed Research International

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“…In the meantime, the operation of WAA requires a professional doctor to perform. As the TENS and WAA have received increased consideration by researchers, an intelligent analgesic electronic wrist‐ankle acupuncture (E‐WAA) bracelet has been developed, 8 which is worn on the wrist or ankle to stimulate the corresponding area of the wrist or the ankle to relieve pain by simulating the pulse wave targeted in acupuncture. This E‐WAA combines the WAA theory with TENS treatment, but the analgesic effect needs further exploration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain modulation induced by electronic wrist‐ankle acupuncture: A functional near‐infrared spectroscopy study

Shi

Liu

et al. 2021

Pain Practice

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Background As a new technology, electronic wrist‐ankle acupuncture (E‐WAA) combines the advantages of wrist‐ankle acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, but the analgesic effect and mechanism need to be clarified. The purpose of this study was to identify the pain modulation caused by E‐WAA by evaluating the response of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) from the perspective of neurophysiology. Methods Fifty male volunteers (age 25.00 ± 1.05 years) with trapezius myofascial pain syndrome were randomly allocated into intervention group (E‐WAA treatment) or sham control group at a 1:1 ratio. An outcome evaluation system was used to induce tenderness on the Jianjing point and record the pain value. A multichannel functional near‐infrared spectroscope was used to detect the PFC activation during tenderness before and after treatment to demonstrate the neuromodulation mechanism. A general linear model and t‐test (p < 0.05) were used to analyze the difference in the oxyhemoglobin (HbO) concentration and pain value. Results In the intervention group, the pain value of volunteers decreased significantly (p = 0.017) after E‐WAA treatment, whereas there was no statistical difference (p = 0.082) in the sham group. Before treatment, the frontopolar (FP) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were the activation areas of the PFC. The E‐WAA treatment then suppressed the activation of the two areas. The HbO concentration of the FP and DLPFC changed from a sharp rise during tenderness to not changing with tenderness stimulation. Conclusion The results demonstrated that the E‐WAA have a great analgesic effect. The FP and DLPFC were relative to the analgesia neuromodulation induced by the E‐WAA.

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“…Consequently, only men were selected as participants in this study. The subjective analgesic effect of the analgesic bracelet used in this study has been confirmed [19]. Given that the analgesic bracelet is in the stage of applying for medical device registration, the experimental data comes from the small-scale participants recruited via an announcement addressed to faculty members and students affiliated with University of Shanghai for Science and Technology.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 56%

The Impact of Tenderness on Prefrontal Cortical Hemodynamics: An Objective Measurement of Wrist-ankle Acupuncture Analgesic Bracelet

Du¹,

Liu²,

Fang³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Determining an objective measure for pain is one of the most significant challenges in neuroscience and clinical medicine. The response of the cerebral cortex to noxious stimuli/pain can be detected by functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The study aimed to examine the law of pain relief and cerebral blood volume dynamics based on the wrist-ankle acupuncture (WAA) analgesic bracelet, and determined the reliability of the cortical activation patterns as objective measurements of pain. Methods: Tenderness was performed on the left point Jianyu of volunteers (age, 23.9 ± 1.9 years, mean ± SD) suffering from the cervical-shoulder syndrome (CSS) as tasks. A transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation analgesic bracelet based on WAA in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was used for treatment. A 24-channel fNIRS system was used for measuring cerebral oxygenated hemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) levels. Oxy-Hb concentration changes in each channel were determined by calculating the differences of Oxy-Hb levels between task and rest. Paired t-tests (p< 0.05) were used to assess the difference in data during tasks and rest. Results: A significant increase in Oxy-Hb was found in all 12 channels of the participants’ right hemisphere during the three tenderness tasks. The mean ± SD of Oxy-Hb levels changes in three tenderness were 0.50±1.22 mM mm, 0.28±1.36 mM mm, 0.09±0.81 mM mm, respectively, and the amount of the change gradually decreased with the participation of the analgesic bracelet. Group analysis of the three tenderness tasks showed that the main activation channels of the cerebral cortex for tenderness were CH6, CH11, CH12, and cortical regions response to tenderness were the frontopolar area, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and includes frontal eye fields. With the participation of the analgesic bracelet, the activation area of the cerebral cortex for tenderness gradually decreases. Conclusions: These findings describe the cerebral blood volume dynamics and cortical activation patterns during shoulder tenderness measured by fNIRS, which can not only be used to assess patients with CSS and other shoulder pain, but also to determine the reliability of the cerebral blood volume dynamics and cortical activation patterns pain assessment indicators. Further, this research explores the objective evaluation of the efficacy of an analgesic bracelet based on WAA in TCM for the first time, and provides a new research direction for further pain relief. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiECRCT20200243. Registered 12 May 2020.

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Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Analgesic Bracelet Based on Wrist-ankle Acupuncture

Cited by 7 publications

References 42 publications

Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Electric Acupuncture on Neural Functional Recovery and Related Pathways of Rats after Spinal Cord Injury

Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Electric Acupuncture on Neural Functional Recovery and Related Pathways of Rats after Spinal Cord Injury

Pain modulation induced by electronic wrist‐ankle acupuncture: A functional near‐infrared spectroscopy study

The Impact of Tenderness on Prefrontal Cortical Hemodynamics: An Objective Measurement of Wrist-ankle Acupuncture Analgesic Bracelet

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