Design and implementation of a wideband 8&amp;#x00D7;8 Butler Matrix for AWS and PCS 1900 MHz beamforming networks

Cerna, Rafael D.; Yarleque, Manuel A.

doi:10.1109/ieee-iws.2015.7164630

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A type-1 crossover is a typical linear horizontal orientation crossover without any bends. It can be designed by cascading two 90° hybrid couplers [ 11 , 12 ] such that the signal emerges only at the port diagonal to the input port with theoretically no insertion loss, and there is high isolation among the other ports with theoretically no power output.…”

Section: Design and Simulation Of 4 × 4 And 8 × 8 Microstrip Butler M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various types of passive RF beamforming techniques, such as Butler matrix [ 5 ], Rotman lens [ 6 , 7 ], Blass matrix [ 8 ], and Nolen matrix [ 9 , 10 ], have been reported. Of all these, the advantages of the Butler matrix make it an ideal candidate in terms of size, manufacturing costs, bandwidth, reliability, and reciprocity; therefore, it is widely used in several applications, such as Internet of Things (IoT), Wi-Fi, base stations, satellite communications, and automotive radars [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both 4 × 4 and 8 × 8 are common Butler matrix configurations [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. For applications where wider beams are necessary, a 4 × 4 configuration is preferred, and 8 × 8 Butler matrices are preferred for narrower beam applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Low-Loss, 77 GHz, 8 × 8 Microstrip Butler Matrix on a High-Purity Fused-Silica (HPFS) Glass Substrate

Sakhiya

Chowdhury

2023

Sensors

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A low-loss, compact, ultra-thin, passive, 77 GHz, 8 × 8 microstrip Butler matrix on a 200 μm thick high-purity fused-silica (HPFS) glass substrate embedded in 0.8 μm thick patterned gold conducting layers was developed for low power automotive radars. The first-of-its-kind, HPFS, glass-based Butler matrix comprised 12 hybrid couplers, 16 crossovers, and 8 phase shifters in a footprint area of 19.1 mm × 26.6 mm. The device and the corresponding building blocks were designed and optimized using 3D electromagnetic finite element method (FEM) simulations using the Advanced Design System (ADS) from Keysight™ Technologies. Due to the very-low-loss tangent of the HPFS glass substrate (0.0005 @77 GHz) compared to other common substrate materials and rigorous design optimization, the return loss and isolation of the input ports are both below –20 dB, respectively, as verified by 3D FEM simulations. Due to the absence of any published data on a 77 GHz 8 × 8 Butler matrix, the design was validated by developing a 4 × 4 version of the Butler matrix using the same building blocks and comparing the 3D simulation results in ADS with results published elsewhere that showed that the developed Butler matrix offers lower insertion loss in a 10% smaller footprint area. A low-cost microfabrication method has been developed to fabricate the devices using a standard lift-off process. A scaled version of the device can be used for 5G beamforming applications.

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Section: Design and Simulation Of 4 × 4 And 8 × 8 Microstrip Butler M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Low-Loss, 77 GHz, 8 × 8 Microstrip Butler Matrix on a High-Purity Fused-Silica (HPFS) Glass Substrate

Sakhiya

Chowdhury

2023

Sensors

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“…There are several studies performed on wideband quadrature hybrid couplers. In order to acquire wideband performance, the authors in [2][3][4][5] used cascaded branch line topologies and enhanced the performance of the branch line couplers significantly at the expense of larger area of implementation. In some studies substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW)-based hybrid couplers are used [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of wideband multi-layer quadrature hybrid couplers with butterfly shaped resonators

Yayan

Yapici

2021

Int. J. Microw. Wireless Technol.

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In this paper, a wideband quadrature hybrid coupler is presented. The proposed structure has a multi-layer microstrip topology. In this topology, there are three substrate layers including prepreg material and four conductive layers. In order to achieve equal power division between through and coupled arms of the directional coupler while maintaining a 90° phase shift, aperture coupling between the resonators located at both top and bottom layers is utilized. So as to avoid any unwanted effects of prepreg material in such multilayer topology, via shielding around resonators are inserted. In this study, coupling from input ports to output ports is accomplished by the shielded butterfly shaped slot etched to the ground layer of top and bottom layers. The proposed design operates within 3–12 GHz. The acquired phase imbalance between the coupled ports is <±2.5°. The results of the manufactured quadrature hybrid coupler agree well with the simulated results.

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“…A multiband hybrid coupler, crossover coupler and multi band phase shifters are used to design such network. R. D. Cerna and M. A. Yarlequé in [8] have described the design and implementation process of 8×8 Butler Matrix in 1.65 GHz to 2.3 GHz and 2.4 GHz to 2.6 GHz AWS and PCS 1900 MHZ bands for beamforming networks. The paper describes the design and implementation of 8x8 Butler Matrix using compact wideband branchline hybrids, parallel Schiffman phase shifters but without using crossovers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printed 4x4 Butler Matrix for Beam-Steering and MIMO Applications in 2.4 GHz ISM Band

Bhame¹,

Hake²,

Sreemathy³

2017

IJERT

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This paper focuses on simulation of the planar 4x4 butler matrix functioning at 2.4 GHz and then its implementation to an array of four slotted microstrip patch antennas resonating at 2.4 GHz. For that, we have simulated and implemented microwave devices such as 3 dB quadrature hybrid couplers and cross-couplers, newly proposed 45 0 phase shifters, microstrip patch antennas using an epoxy substrate (FR4) having a dielectric constant 4.4 and a thickness of 1.6 mm. Combining the above components presented, The butler matrix circuit with patch antennas as a load is designed and tested by using dual channel Rohde and Schwarz make 14 GHz VNA. All the simulations are done in HFSS.

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Design and implementation of a wideband 8×8 Butler Matrix for AWS and PCS 1900 MHz beamforming networks

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

A Low-Loss, 77 GHz, 8 × 8 Microstrip Butler Matrix on a High-Purity Fused-Silica (HPFS) Glass Substrate

A Low-Loss, 77 GHz, 8 × 8 Microstrip Butler Matrix on a High-Purity Fused-Silica (HPFS) Glass Substrate

Design of wideband multi-layer quadrature hybrid couplers with butterfly shaped resonators

Printed 4x4 Butler Matrix for Beam-Steering and MIMO Applications in 2.4 GHz ISM Band

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