DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPACT PLANAR 4 x 4 MICROSTRIP BUTLER MATRIX FOR WIDEBAND APPLICATION

Chen, Chun Hong; Wu, Hongmei; Wu, and Wen

doi:10.2528/pierc11072614

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…A 90 • short stub was inserted across the two-section branch-line hybrids of BM in [46], which improved the bandwidth by 16.7%. In [48], a planar compact 4 × 4 BM, which operated over a frequency range of 4.5-5.5GHz, was developed using lumped elements and multiple U-shaped Schiffman phaseshifter. In the proposed design, the lumped-distributed elements meant an open-stub using a microstrip-line.…”

Section: ) Bm With Open-stubmentioning

confidence: 99%

Butler Matrix Based Beamforming Networks for Phased Array Antenna Systems: A Comprehensive Review and Future Directions for 5G Applications

et al. 2021

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Due to the rapid development of wireless communication technologies, the number of wireless users are radically increasing. Currently, ∼23 billion wireless devices are connected to the internet, and these numbers are expected to increase manifolds in the years to come. The technology growth of the fifth-generation (5G) wireless systems will be needed to meet this high demand of the network. 5G wireless systems offer data-rates of up to 10Gbps, 1-ms latency, and reduced power consumption. It is a known fact that 5G wireless systems will be exploiting beyond the presently used 3 GHz microwave and millimetre-wave (mm-wave) frequency bands. This is the primary driver in the development of the 5G wireless system. Multi-beam Phased array antenna (PAA) systems are typically used in the deployment of 5G systems for high-gain and directionality. In current 5G and future Beyond 5G (B5G) antenna array systems, beamforming networks (BFNs) such as the Butler Matrix (BM) will play a key role in achieving multi-beam characteristics. So, this paper presents an extensive review of the BM based BFNs, and discusses which type of BM will be suitable for the phased array antenna (PAA) systems in the upcoming 5G and next-generation of B5G wireless systems. Moreover, this paper also summarizes the different types of BM designs based on the number of layers. The BMs are classified into the bi-layer, tri-layer, and four-layer structures. It includes different techniques that have been used to solve the problem of crossing, narrow bandwidth, and size reduction of the BM. From the previous studies, it is found that most of the past research work was performed using the bi-layer BM system, whereas the difficult geometries like tri-and four-layer BM are avoided due to their complex fabrication process. It is also found in this paper that the metamaterial (MTM) based bi-layer BM achieves low insertion-loss and phase-error, excellent bandwidth and compact size, and good S-parameter performance, which makes them an ideal BFN candidate for the upcoming 5G and next-generation B5G systems.INDEX TERMS Butler matrix (BM), metamaterial (MTM), 5G, beyond 5G (B5G), beamforming network (BFN), phased array antenna (PAA) systems.

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Section: ) Bm With Open-stubmentioning

confidence: 99%

Butler Matrix Based Beamforming Networks for Phased Array Antenna Systems: A Comprehensive Review and Future Directions for 5G Applications

et al. 2021

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“…Butler matrix is the key component of those beamforming networks that are widely applied in smart antennas [1,2]. It is a passive microwave network consisting of N input and N output ports.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact Planar Microstrip Crossover for Beamforming Networks

Henin

Abbosh²

2012

PIER C

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Abstract-The design of a fully planar microstrip crossover for beamforming networks is presented. The design starts by using a conventional half-wavelength square patch and two sets of orthogonal feeding lines. Rectangular and circular slots are introduced on the square patch in order to reduce the required area of the patch by 82%. The proposed crossover is fabricated and tested for performance confirmation. The measured data shows less than 1 dB insertion loss, more than 13 dB isolation, and around 0.1 ns deviation in the group delay across 12% fractional bandwidth. The proposed crossover is suitable for planar Butler matrix which is a key component in beamforming networks.

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“…In this paper, lumped-distributed elements are added into the wider branch lines of the hybrid coupler to decrease the length [9], as shown in Figure 1, where the solid symbol line is the simulated result of the lumped-distributed elements loaded 90° hybrid, while the hollow symbol line is the conventional 90° hybrid. The narrow branch lines are designed as rat-race lines to reduce the length.…”

Section: Design Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The loaded line is an alternative solution to reduce the size of transmission-line based circuits such as branch-line and ring hybrids [7,9].…”

Section: Design Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Compact W-Band Reflection-Type Phase Shifter with Extremely Low Insertion Loss Variation Using 0.13 µm CMOS Technology

Deng

Li²,

et al. 2015

Micromachines

Self Cite

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This paper presents a reflection-type phase shifter (RTPS) at W-band in a 0.13 µm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The RTPS is composed of a 90° hybrid coupler and two identical reflection loads. Lumped-distributed element transmission line is introduced in the 90° hybrid coupler to reduce the chip size. Series inductor-capacitor (LC) resonators are used as the reflective loads and parallel inductors are deployed to reduce insertion loss variation. By cascading two-stage RTPS, 90° phase shifting range and 10.5 dB insertion loss with 1 dB variations from 80 GHz to 90 GHz are achieved. An impressive 0.1 dB variation is obtained at 86 GHz.

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DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPACT PLANAR 4 x 4 MICROSTRIP BUTLER MATRIX FOR WIDEBAND APPLICATION

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Butler Matrix Based Beamforming Networks for Phased Array Antenna Systems: A Comprehensive Review and Future Directions for 5G Applications

Butler Matrix Based Beamforming Networks for Phased Array Antenna Systems: A Comprehensive Review and Future Directions for 5G Applications

Compact Planar Microstrip Crossover for Beamforming Networks

A Compact W-Band Reflection-Type Phase Shifter with Extremely Low Insertion Loss Variation Using 0.13 µm CMOS Technology

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