Design and implementation of a fan beam coded aperture x-ray diffraction tomography system for checkpoint baggage scanning

Greenberg, Joel A.; Hassan, Mehadi; Regnerus, Brandon; Wolter, Scott D.

doi:10.1117/12.2263152

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…For the X-ray diffraction system, we use a virtual X-ray diffraction tomography (XRDT) system [7] which uses a fan beam architecture with an X-ray tube operated at 160 kVp. A linear array of energy-sensitive detectors (only at 60keV) are scanned to collect a 2D image of the coherent signal.…”

Section: 1b X-ray Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classifiers for material discrimination with dual modality x-ray transmission and coherent x-ray diffraction system

Thamvichai

Pike²,

Greenberg³

et al. 2023

Anomaly Detection and Imaging With X-Rays (ADIX) VIII

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X-ray coherent diffraction-based measurements can provide more specific material information that is complementary to transmission-based material information. With increasing capability of the X-ray coherent diffraction-based systems and recent development of dual modality of X-ray transmission-based and diffraction-based systems, there is a significant potential for improving the overall system threat detection performance for material discrimination. Dual modality systems can yield higher detection probability (Pd) while lowering the probability of false alarm (Pfa), relative to the transmission modality. In this work, we analyze the material discrimination performance for two different machine learning classifiers: support vector machines (SVM) and neural networks (NN), using both simulation and experimental data obtained with a dual-modality X-ray system. Using simulation studies, we demonstrate significant improvement in material discrimination performance afforded by additional complementary information by coherent diffraction for a variety of materials. We further validate these improvements using an experimental dataset collected using real-world objects and materials.

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Section: 1b X-ray Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classifiers for material discrimination with dual modality x-ray transmission and coherent x-ray diffraction system

Thamvichai

Pike²,

Greenberg³

et al. 2023

Anomaly Detection and Imaging With X-Rays (ADIX) VIII

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“…The scientific prototype CA-XRDT scanner performs snapshot, energy-dispersive and angle-dispersive XRDT along a planar slice through the object using off-the-shelf components in a compact footprint scanner. 5 Together, the hybrid 6040 aTiX and the scientific prototype CA-XRDT system provide a meaningful baseline of performance, in that any improvements realized in the hybrid system relative to the 6040 aTiX system alone directly translates into meaningful benefits for a next-generation system.…”

Section: Experimental Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4 As a result, XRDT can help reduce false alarm rates significantly, relative to a transmission-only measurement, while maintaining or improving detection. 5 Standalone XRDT systems, however, have historically been challenging to implement in a practical, cost-effective manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivations and methods for the analysis of multi-modality x-ray systems for explosives detection

Carpenter

Ding

Hurlock

et al. 2019

Anomaly Detection and Imaging With X-Rays (ADIX) IV

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Transmission-based imaging and X-ray diffraction-based material analysis have largely developed independently. However, for a variety of applications ranging from in-vivo soft tissue analysis to concealed explosives detection, it is necessary to realize high-fidelity, spatially-resolved material discrimination. We therefore seek to understand to what degree transmission and X-ray diffraction (XRD) complement one another and can be implemented practically, particularly in the case of explosives detection in aviation security. Using a combination of simulated and experimental data, we identify the relative value of the X-ray signatures available to transmission and XRD measurements, and explore how the measurement fidelity can impact these results.

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“…While traditionally used for material differentiation or identification, these measurements are typically made only at a single, relatively large area point on the surface of a sample. Yet, numerous applications, including material structural failure analysis, security, and medicine, require datasets that contain spatially resolved and material-specific information [5][6][7][8][9][10]. Due to recent improvements in the system architectures that generate spatially encoded XRD measurements, combined with computational advancements in signal processing and optimized reconstruction, XRD-based imaging techniques are becoming more broadly applicable, and can be tailored to task specific needs for performance metrics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a high-resolution volumetric x-ray diffraction imaging system for biospecimen

Gude,

Coccarelli,

Kapadia

et al. 2024

Medical Imaging 2024: Physics of Medical Imaging

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In a surgical pathology setting, the clinical study of tissue specimens is often limited to evaluating an effectively 2D representation of an inherently 3D specimen and disease, most commonly by a several-micron thick hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained glass slide. X-ray transmission allows for the study of thicker tissue volumes but does not provide soft tissue contrast. Previous studies using X-ray diffraction (XRD) have shown that XRD can differentiate some soft tissue and disease types from one another. We focus here on simulation-based trade studies using a toy model to optimize and evaluate the imaging performance of a 3D structured illumination XRD imaging scheme. In particular, we quantify the lateral and axial spatial resolution and evaluate how these parameters depend on the angular extent and beamlet configuration of the primary structured illumination beam. We observe an optimal beamlet configuration and show that a transverse resolution of 100 um and an axial resolution of 500 um is achievable.

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Design and implementation of a fan beam coded aperture x-ray diffraction tomography system for checkpoint baggage scanning

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Classifiers for material discrimination with dual modality x-ray transmission and coherent x-ray diffraction system

Classifiers for material discrimination with dual modality x-ray transmission and coherent x-ray diffraction system

Motivations and methods for the analysis of multi-modality x-ray systems for explosives detection

Towards a high-resolution volumetric x-ray diffraction imaging system for biospecimen

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