Design and implementation of a non-invasive real-time microwave sensor for assessing water hardness in heat exchangers

Teng, Kah Hou; Shaw, Andy; Ateeq, Muhammad; Al-Shamma’a, Ahmed; Wylie, Stephen R.; Kazi, S.N.; Chew, Bee Teng; Kot, Patryk

doi:10.1080/09205071.2017.1406408

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…It depends on the material’s ability to polarize in response to the applied field. This theory can be applied to detect moisture in concrete structures because water generally has high value of dielectric constant ~81 [34]. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss of material is the two key parameters to define permittivity.…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedded Smart Antenna for Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation (NDT&E) of Moisture Content and Deterioration in Concrete

Teng

Kot

Muradov

et al. 2019

Sensors

Self Cite

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Concrete failure will lead to serious safety concerns in the performance of a building structure. It is one of the biggest challenges for engineers to inspect and maintain the quality of concrete throughout the service years in order to prevent structural deterioration. To date, a lot of research is ongoing to develop different instruments to inspect concrete quality. Detection of moisture ingress is important in the structural monitoring of concrete. This paper presents a novel sensing technique using a smart antenna for the non-destructive evaluation of moisture content and deterioration inspection in concrete blocks. Two different standard concrete samples (United Kingdom and Malaysia) were investigated in this research. An electromagnetic (EM) sensor was designed and embedded inside the concrete to detect the moisture content within the structure. In addition, CST microwave studio was used to validate the theoretical model of the EM sensor against the test data. The results demonstrated that the EM sensor at 2.45 GHz is capable of detecting the moisture content in the concrete with linear regression of R2 = 0.9752. Furthermore, identification of different mix ratios of concrete were successfully demonstrated in this paper. In conclusion, the EM sensor is capable of detecting moisture content non-destructively and could be a potential technique for maintenance and quality control of the building performance.

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Section: Experimental Setup and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedded Smart Antenna for Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation (NDT&E) of Moisture Content and Deterioration in Concrete

Teng

Kot

Muradov

et al. 2019

Sensors

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Cavities resonate when the wavelength of the excitation within the cavity coincides with the cavity’s dimension [ 43 ]. They enable noncontact, real-time measurements, as liquid samples in plastic or glass containers with known dimensions and properties can be inserted into the cavity.…”

Section: Functionalised Electromagnetic Wave Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several experiments have shown the resonant cavity ability to detect the presence and concentration of various materials. Specifically, cylindrical cavities were used to determine water hardness [ 43 ], nitrates [ 44 ], silver materials [ 45 ] and mixtures such as NaCl and KMnO 4 [ 46 ]. A rectangular resonant cavity was developed and tested for measuring pork-loin drip loss for meat production industry applications [ 47 ].…”

Section: Functionalised Electromagnetic Wave Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring with Chemical Sensors

Yaroshenko

Kirsanov

Marjanovic

et al. 2020

Sensors

117

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Water quality is one of the most critical indicators of environmental pollution and it affects all of us. Water contamination can be accidental or intentional and the consequences are drastic unless the appropriate measures are adopted on the spot. This review provides a critical assessment of the applicability of various technologies for real-time water quality monitoring, focusing on those that have been reportedly tested in real-life scenarios. Specifically, the performance of sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers is evaluated in detail, also giving insights into their principle of operation, stability in real on-site applications and mass production options. Such characteristics as sensing range and limit of detection are given for the most promising systems, that were verified outside of laboratory conditions. Then, novel trends of using microwave spectroscopy and chemical materials integration for achieving a higher sensitivity to and selectivity of pollutants in water are described.

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Innovative Biosensors from Agro-Waste: Laser and Microwave Approaches for Current and Future Applications in Environmental Health

Hamzah,

Veluru,

Hasan

et al. 2024

Agricultural Waste to Value-Added Products

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Design and implementation of a non-invasive real-time microwave sensor for assessing water hardness in heat exchangers

Abstract: The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of the record. Please see the repository URL above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Embedded Smart Antenna for Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation (NDT&E) of Moisture Content and Deterioration in Concrete

Embedded Smart Antenna for Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation (NDT&E) of Moisture Content and Deterioration in Concrete

Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring with Chemical Sensors

Innovative Biosensors from Agro-Waste: Laser and Microwave Approaches for Current and Future Applications in Environmental Health

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