Design and Implement of Space-Based Target Imaging Simulation System

Research on Ground Object Echo Simulation of Avian Lidar

“…Compared to the hardware acceleration method mentioned in the literature [14,15], our proposed method enables a complex scene simulation without relying on expensive GPU resources. A comparative analysis with the BRDF method [10] and Phong's method [11] reveals that our proposed method exhibits superior simulation efficiency for ground object echoes within environments featuring large surface element scales. In small-scale scene experiments, the simulated point cloud generated in this paper demonstrates a strong realistic effect, closely resembling actual lidar-collected point clouds both structurally and in terms of intensity distribution.…”

“…To address this limitation, a Monte Carlo beamwidth model is employed to describe the transmitting end of the lidar system. This model simulates a beam with a predetermined beamwidth [6,7,11] by utilizing multiple randomly distributed rays within that range, as illustrated in Figure 3. The laser pulse is assumed to be a rectangular pulse with a pulse width of τ e and an energy of Q s .…”

“…In the simulation experiment, a spherical surface composed of a specific number of triangular surfaces was used as the simulation target. Figure 10 illustrates the point cloud simulation time for the proposed method, the method based on the bidirectional BRDF model [10], and the method based on the Phong model [11] with varying numbers of triangular surfaces. From Figure 10, it can be observed that when there are fewer triangular surfaces, the proposed method takes more time compared to the other two methods.…”

“…The main methods for simulating lidar target echoes include ray tracing [6][7][8], physical optics simulation [9][10][11], radar scattering field simulation [7,12,13], and other approaches. The ray-tracing method is capable of accurately simulating the propagation and scattering process of light, thereby generating high-precision echo signals.…”