Design and feasibility

Berglund, Göran; Elmståhl, Sölve; Janzon, Lars; Larsson, S

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00647.x

Cited by 529 publications

(243 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…14 , 15 , 54 , 55 The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study is a prospective population-based cohort with the primary aim to investigate associations between various dietary factors and cancer incidence. 56 The project, including non- participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC) cohort, enrolled 18326 women (60.2%) and 12120 (39.8%) men, with a total of 30446 participants (from a background population of 74,138).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 in colorectal cancer: Relationship with sidedness and prognosis

et al. 2018

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Expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 has been demonstrated to confer a prognostic value in colorectal cancer (CRC), but no studies have investigated whether this association differs according to tumour location. In this study, immunohistochemical expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 was analysed in tissue microarrays with primary tumours from 557 incident CRC cases from a prospective population-based cohort. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex, TNM stage, differentiation grade and vascular invasion, were applied to determine the impact of biomarker expression on 5-year overall survival (OS), in the entire cohort and in subgroup analysis of right colon, left colon, and rectum. High PD-L1 expression on tumour-infiltrating immune cells was an independent factor of a prolonged OS in the entire cohort (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] CI 0.35 – 0.68), and in tumours of the right colon (HR = 0.43; 95% CI 0.25 – 0.74) and the left colon (HR = 0.28; 95% CI 0.13 – 0.61), but not in rectal cancer. Tumour-specific PD-L1-expression was not prognostic, neither in the full cohort nor according to tumour location. High immune cell-specific PD-1 expression was associated with a prolonged OS in the entire cohort and in tumours of the right colon, but not in the left colon or rectum, and only in univariable analysis. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that immune cell-specific PD-L1 and PD-1 expression is prognostic in a site-dependent manner, whereas tumour-specific PD-L1-expression is not prognostic in CRC.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 in colorectal cancer: Relationship with sidedness and prognosis

et al. 2018

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“…During 1991 to 1996, a total of 28 449 men and women from the general population, aged 45 to 73 years, participated in the screening examination of the MDC (participation rate: 41%) 4, 13. The MDC included self‐administered questionnaires, physical examination, and blood sampling.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium, Carotid Atherosclerosis, and Incidence of Ischemic Stroke

Borné

Fagerberg

Persson

et al. 2017

JAHA

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BackgroundExposure to cadmium has been associated with carotid plaques, inflammation in carotid plaques, and increased risk of ischemic stroke. This study examined the separate and interacting effects of blood cadmium levels and carotid plaques on the risk of incident ischemic stroke.Methods and ResultsCadmium levels were measured in 4156 subjects (39.2% men; mean±SD age 57.3±5.9 years) without history of stroke, from the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. The right carotid artery was examined using B‐mode ultrasound examination at baseline. Incidence of ischemic stroke was monitored over a mean follow‐up of 16.7 years. Carotid plaque was present in 34.5% of participants. Cadmium was significantly higher in subjects with plaque (mean±SD: 0.53±0.58 μg/L versus 0.42±0.49 μg/L; P<0.001). A total of 221 subjects had ischemic stroke during the follow‐up. Incidence of ischemic stroke was associated both with carotid plaque (hazard ratio 1.44, 95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.90, P=0.009) and cadmium (hazard ratio for quartile [Q] 4 versus Q1–3: 1.95, confidence interval, 1.33–2.85, P=0.001), after adjustment for risk factors. There was a significant interaction between cadmium and plaque with respect to risk of ischemic stroke (P=0.011). Adjusted for risk factors, subjects with plaque and cadmium in Q4 had a hazard ratio of 2.88 (confidence interval, 1.79–4.63) for ischemic stroke, compared with those without plaque and cadmium in Q1 to Q3.ConclusionsCadmium was associated with incidence of ischemic stroke, both independently and in synergistic interaction with carotid plaques. This supports the hypothesis that cadmium promotes vulnerability of carotid plaques, thereby increasing the risk of rupture and ischemic stroke.

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“…The prospective population‐based Malmö Diet and Cancer study included a total of 18 326 women born between 1923 and 1950 and 12 121 men born between 1923 and 1945 in Malmö, Sweden 9. Participants were recruited from 1991 to 1996.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene variance in the nicotinic receptor cluster (CHRNA5‐CHRNA3‐CHRNB4) predicts death from cardiopulmonary disease and cancer in smokers

et al. 2015

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BackgroundGenetic variation in the cluster on chromosome 15, encoding the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits (CHRNA5‐CHRNA3‐CHRNB4), has shown strong associations with tobacco consumption and an additional risk increase in smoking‐related diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), peripheral artery disease and lung cancer.ObjectivesTo test whether rs1051730 (C/T), a tag for multiple variants in the CHRNA5‐CHRNA3‐CHRNB3 cluster, is associated with a change in risk of smoking‐related mortality and morbidity in the Malmö Diet and Cancer study, a population‐based prospective cohort study.MethodsAt baseline participants were classified as current (n = 6951), previous (n = 8426) or never (n = 9417) smokers. Cox‐proportional hazards models were used to determine the correlation between rs1051730 and incidence of first COPD, tobacco‐related cancer, other cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD), and total mortality due to these causes, during approximately 14 years of follow‐up.ResultsAmongst current smokers there were 480 first incident COPD events, 852 tobacco‐related cancers, 810 other cancers and 1022 CVD events. A total of 1508 deaths occurred, including 500 due to CVD, 102 due to respiratory diseases and 677 due to cancer. In adjusted additive models, an increasing number of T alleles were associated with a gradual increase in total mortality, incident COPD and tobacco‐related cancer, even after adjustment for smoking quantity. No significant associations were observed amongst never smokers.ConclusionOur data suggest that gene variance in the CHRNA5‐CHRNA3‐CHRNB4 cluster is associated with an increased risk of death, incidence of COPD and tobacco‐related cancer in smokers. These findings indicate an individual susceptibility to tobacco use and its complications; this may be important when targeting and designing smoking cessation therapies.

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Design and feasibility

Cited by 529 publications

References 4 publications

Expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 in colorectal cancer: Relationship with sidedness and prognosis

Expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 in colorectal cancer: Relationship with sidedness and prognosis

Cadmium, Carotid Atherosclerosis, and Incidence of Ischemic Stroke

Gene variance in the nicotinic receptor cluster (CHRNA5‐CHRNA3‐CHRNB4) predicts death from cardiopulmonary disease and cancer in smokers

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