Design and Fabrication of Thick Film Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Based on RuO₂ Working Electrodes for Water Quality Monitoring

Abstract

A Dissolved Oxygen (DO) sensor has been designed and fabricated on an 8.5 x 22.5 mm Alumina substrate using thick film technology. The structure of the sensor device consisted of AgPd working/counter electrode, Ag/AgCl reference electrode, RuO2active layer, KCl electrolyte, and TiO2membrane. Formation of the Ag/AgCl reference electrode was done by chlorination of Ag layer using FeCl3, and the TiO2membrane was formed by screen printing of TiO2paste. Measurement was done to study the sensor’s performance based from the current-voltage characteristics between 1.1 – 1.6 V. The results showed that a stable diffusion current was obtained when the input voltage was 1.4 V, resulting in the best sensor performance with a sensitivity of 0.560 μA l/mg and a stable step response time of 4 min. The device showed highly potential to be used as candidate for online water quality monitoring system.

Review of Dissolved Oxygen Detection Technology: From Laboratory Analysis to Online Intelligent Detection

“…In 2018, Wiranto used thick-film technology to make a sensor based on an RuO 2 working electrode that has high activity and can produce a sensitive reaction to dissolved oxygen in five minutes. The overall design and performance provide the possibility of the online detection of the dissolved oxygen concentration [61]. A comparison of several polarographic dissolved oxygen sensors is shown in Table 1.…”

Designing Sensitivity: A Comparative Analysis of Microelectrode Topologies for Electrochemical Oxygen Sensing in Biomedical Applications

“…The over-voltage of a system is defined as being the difference between the thermodynamically predicted reduction potential of the redox reaction and the applied voltage bias during experimentation. When biased at low over-voltages, the sensor operates in the kinetic regime where the current response is highly dependent on the bias voltage applied across the counter and working electrodes [8,10]. After a transition voltage point, the rate of oxygen reduction at the working electrode matches the oxygen repletion rate via diffusion; from that point on, the sensor operates in the diffusion-limited regime [8,10].…”

“…The characterization of conventional sensors has been researched extensively using a wide variety of materials, and each has adopted various electrode designs [4,10,11]. Microdisks, interdigitated electrodes, and bar-like electrodes have all been implemented in the design of dissolved oxygen sensors for both environmental and medical applications [4,[10][11][12]. A comparative study of different solid-state microelectrode topologies tailored specifically for operating in a cerebral context, however, is lacking.…”

A galvanic-based dissolved oxygen level monitoring sensor system in freshwater ponds

“…Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan sensor DO untuk memantau oksigen terlarut yang terjangkau. Berbeda dengan [20] yang menggunakan dengan teknologi thick film serta tahapan-tahapan proses dalam teknologi screen printing dan [21] dengan basis sensor perpindahan galvanik disintesis tereduksi graphene oksida-perak nanopartikel (RGO / Ag) komposit dimodifikasi elektroda karbon (GCE) dengan bahan baku yang relative mahal dan bahan-bahan yang kompleks, penelitian ini menggunakan bahan sensor solid state, yakni bahan ramah lingkungan dengan biaya pembuatannya yang lebih rendah dan masa pakai yang lebih lama.…”

“…Gambar 8. Kalibrasi untuk perangkat sensor DO pada rentang kadar oksigen terlarut dari 3,1 mg/L hingga 11,9 mg/L Pembuatan purwarupa mikrotranduser deteksi kadar oksigen terlarut telah berhasil dilakukan dengan teknologi thick film dan tahapan-tahapan proses dalam teknologi screen printing seperti yang dilakukan dalam [20]. Upaya penggabungan graphene dengan nanopartikel Ag dapat menghasilkan material elektroda yang sesuai untuk aplikasi penginderaan DO [21].…”