Design And Fabrication Of Reflective Optical Systems For Space And Tactical Flight Applications

Anapol, Michael I.; Mastandrea, Andrew A.

doi:10.1117/12.955582

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Examples include systems for radiometry and spectrometry, using grating, interferometer or dichroic filter devices, [4][5][6][7][8]28,29 and these can be of more than one type within the same instrument. 3,28 Such systems may share the instrument field of view, by this being subdivided, for example, using a second field stop, which has multiple apertures. 3,7,28 In addition, each detection system may have multiple channels, typically to detect different atmosphere gas species by use of appropriate spectral range and resolution.…”

Section: Reimaging Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,28 Such systems may share the instrument field of view, by this being subdivided, for example, using a second field stop, which has multiple apertures. 3,7,28 In addition, each detection system may have multiple channels, typically to detect different atmosphere gas species by use of appropriate spectral range and resolution. The spectral requirements determine the type of spectrometer systems and the grouping of channels within each system.…”

Section: Reimaging Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This helps to minimize scatter, and an offaxis unobscured design serves to minimize diffraction. 3 At the first image plane, a field stop is used to block the outof-field radiances at the earliest opportunity. The example system in Fig.…”

Section: Telescope Design and Diffraction Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples include the imaging of the sun's corona, 1 and more recently, the detection of extra-solarsystem planets around stars, 2 and the detection from space of the earth atmosphere radiance close to the earth's limb. 3 In such systems, although the brighter object is outside of the telescope field of view, energy from it is diffracted at the entrance aperture, through sufficient angle to enable it to enter the field of view. Because the off-axis object is much brighter than the object being viewed, its diffracted energy may obscure the wanted faint object signal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This parameter is often the largest background, which limits the measurement accuracy, and so it is a major driver in instrument design. To meet the measurement requirements, modern IR telescopes are designed as high stray-light-rejection systems, 3 whose key features can include vious analysis methods as applied to various instruments of this type. The review illustrates the increasing complexity of both the sensor hardware, and the stray-light-analysis tools used for design and characterization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of a generalized diffraction analysis to the design of nonstandard Lyot-stop systems for earth limb viewing radiometers

Caldwell

Gray

1997

Opt. Eng

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The design of Lyot-stop systems in earth limb viewing radiometers is first reviewed, with particular reference to the stray-light analysis methods used for instrument design and performance evaluation. These methods are given in order of increasing sophistication, up to the most powerful technique for diffraction analysis, that of generalized beam propagation analysis. The typical design features of radiometers for the limb-viewing application are discussed to summarize the important stray-light issues, including scatter, ghosting, and diffraction effects. How for multichannel instruments based on arrays of detectors, the interplay of these issues affects the Lyot-stop system is shown, pushing the design toward nonstandard geometries for which the generalized analysis method becomes essential. An example is given of the use of the technique in a system requiring a nonstandard Lyot-stop geometry, including the computation of the full diffracted energy patterns at each stage of the Lyot-stop system, illustrating the physics of the diffraction suppression, and giving insight into the design trade-offs; in particular, that between signal throughput and diffraction rejection. For one choice of this trade-off, the net diffraction response is calculated. This quantity is an important input to the ground characterization of the predicted performance.

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Section: Reimaging Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reimaging Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Telescope Design and Diffraction Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of a generalized diffraction analysis to the design of nonstandard Lyot-stop systems for earth limb viewing radiometers

Caldwell

Gray

1997

Opt. Eng

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<title>Computer-aided modeling of beam propagation effects in diffraction-critical spaceborne instruments</title>

1996

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This talk concerns applications of a ray-trace model to the computation of the effect of diffraction on beam propagation. It reports the use of the technique in the design of apertures for space-borne instruments having critical diffraction properties.The modelling technique used is that of gaussian beam decomposition a numerical beam propagation technique incorporated in a commercially available ray-trace program. The result is the powerful capability to model the optical field at any point, in systems of any geometry, with any amount of aberration.The technique is particularly useful for design problems where 'non-imaging' effects are important, and examples of its use will be given. Although the computation requirements for such detailed analysis may seem daunting, the continuing increase in readily available computing power is now overcoming this drawback.The application here is to certain 'diffraction-critical' situations, where the design of correctly sized apertures is needed for the control of unwanted diffraction effects. Three recent design studies are illustrated:1 . Millimetre wave imaging with off-axis reflectors. Analysis of the effects of aberration on coherent detection efficiency. 2. Long-distance beam propagation in space-borne laser interferometry. This involves the analysis of coherent detection efficiency in the presence of aberrated gaussian beams. 3. Design of a Lyot stop system for an infra-red radiometer which is to view the Earth's limb from space. Here the critical (and unwanted) diffraction is that from the bright Earth disc, lying just outside of the instrument field of view.The analysis technique is explained, and examples given of diffracted energy patterns analysed at progressive stages in the system. It is shown how these aid the design and analysis of the systems. The aim is to show the range problems in which this method is useful, and to hopefully learn from others at the conference about other cases where such techniques have been used or else might be useful.

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Design And Fabrication Of Reflective Optical Systems For Space And Tactical Flight Applications

Cited by 2 publications

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Application of a generalized diffraction analysis to the design of nonstandard Lyot-stop systems for earth limb viewing radiometers

Application of a generalized diffraction analysis to the design of nonstandard Lyot-stop systems for earth limb viewing radiometers

<title>Computer-aided modeling of beam propagation effects in diffraction-critical spaceborne instruments</title>

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