Design and Fabrication of Layered Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Materials: A Cost-Effective Strategy for Performance Prediction and Efficiency Tuning

Abstract

The electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding market is one of the fast-growing sectors owing to the increasingly complicated electromagnetic environment. Recently, priority has been given to improvise the techniques to fine-tune and predict the shielding properties of structures without exhausting raw materials and reduce the expense as well as the time required for optimization. In this article, we demonstrate an effective and precise method to predict the EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of materials via simulating the performance of composites having alternate layers of conducting and magnetic materials in a virtual waveguide measurement environment based on the finite element method (FEM). The EMI SE of multilayered heterogeneous arrangements (MHAs) is simulated in the Kband region using ANSYS High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software, which can be extended to all other bands as well. Various simulations carried out by changing the order of the conducting and magnetic layers and the number of layers revealed that the strategic arrangement of electromagnetic (EM) energy-trapping layers inside the impedance-matching layers in the MHAs significantly contributes toward the enhancement of absorption-dominated EMI shielding. Among the MHAs, the conductingmagnetic-conducting (CMC) systems exhibited the highest shielding effectiveness of above 50 dB. The MHAs are realized for testing using poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based composites of low-cost carbon black and barium hexaferrite, an easily accessible ferrite. Through this study, we propose the idea that materials with high production cost and cumbersome fabrication procedures are not necessary to realize highly efficient shielding materials.

Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Performances of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced PA11/PLA Composites in the X-Band Frequency Range

“…The contributions of reflection and absorption mechanisms to the EMI SE TOT were calculated by using R, T, and A values obtained through the following equations: 22,38 = R SE (dB) 10 log(1/( 1))…”

An Integrated Approach for Piezo-Electrochemical Nanoenergy Generation, Storage, and Real-Time Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Control

“…Consequently, the focus of EMI shielding material research has been on creating materials that have increased absorption while minimizing reflection. − Furthermore, the relentless progress of highly sophisticated technological advancements such as humanoid robots, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), driverless cars, military weaponry (stealth aircraft, radars, etc. ), and microelectro-mechanical systems (MEMS) has created a demand for externally managed, multifunctional, self-adoptable EMI shielding materials. , Particularly, the susceptibility of satellite and military communication devices (which operate within the 12–18 GHz frequency range) to electromagnetic interference (EMI) has presented a significant technical obstacle in developing externally controlled self-adaptive absorption-based shielding materials. − …”

“…In theory, EMI shielding materials must have a specific combination of electromagnetic properties (such as dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability) and electrical conductivity. − Hence, the shielding adoption capability of materials can be controlled/induced by the adjustment of the aforementioned properties by varying external stimuli like heat, mechanical stress, voltage, and humidity. ,,,,− Since higher electrical conductivity remains a key factor in EMI shielding, metals (Fe, Al, Cu, Ni, etc.) and carbonaceous materials (carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fibers, graphene, etc.)…”

“…and carbonaceous materials (carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fibers, graphene, etc.) have widely been used to mitigate EMI. − This approach, while effective in some ways, has drawbacks, such as high reflection. Furthermore, the electrical and electromagnetic tunability of polymer composites and ferroelectric materials has also been proven so far for externally controlled dynamic radiation–materials interactions; − however, the weak modulation of dielectric properties caps them for smart EMI shielding applications.…”

Absorption‐Dominant Electromagnetic Interference Shielding through Electrical Polarization and Triboelectrification in Surface‐Patterned Ferroelectric Poly[(vinylidenefluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene)‐MXene] Composite

“…[5,6] However, these materials often suffer from limitations such as weight, corrosion, and fabrication complexity, which restrict their application. [7] To overcome these drawbacks, the development of lightweight, [8] flexible, [9] and cost-effective EMI shielding materials [10] has garnered significant attention in recent years. Nanocomposite materials have emerged as promising candidates for EMI shielding application.…”