“…duration time of the nano-Al/MoO3 MIC chips was >1 ms, and loud sounds during the ignition test indicated that the thermite reactions were so intense that energy was released quickly [39][40][41][42]. In addition, the observed intense deflagration was in accordance with the DSC results, which provided a facile route to nano-MIC energetic chips for MEMS application.…”
Film-forming techniques and the control of heat release in micro-energetic chips or devices create challenges and bottlenecks for the utilization of energy. In this study, promising nano-Al/MoO3 metastable intermolecular composite (MIC) chips with an uniform distribution of particles were firstly designed via a convenient and high-efficiency electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique at room temperature and under ambient pressure conditions. The mixture of isopropanol, polyethyleneimine, and benzoic acid proved to be an optimized dispersing agent for EPD. The kinetics of EPD for oxidants (Al) and reductants (MoO3) were systematically investigated, which contributed to adjusting the equivalence ratio of targeted energetic chips after changing the EPD dynamic behaviors of Al and MoO3 in suspension. In addition, the obtained nano-Al/MoO3 MIC energetic chips showed excellent heat-release performance with a high heat release of ca. 3340 J/g, and were successfully ignited with a dazzling flame recorded by a high-speed camera. Moreover, the fabrication method here is fully compatible with a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS), which suggests promising potential in designing and developing other MIC energetic chips or devices for micro-ignition/propulsion applications.
“…duration time of the nano-Al/MoO3 MIC chips was >1 ms, and loud sounds during the ignition test indicated that the thermite reactions were so intense that energy was released quickly [39][40][41][42]. In addition, the observed intense deflagration was in accordance with the DSC results, which provided a facile route to nano-MIC energetic chips for MEMS application.…”
Film-forming techniques and the control of heat release in micro-energetic chips or devices create challenges and bottlenecks for the utilization of energy. In this study, promising nano-Al/MoO3 metastable intermolecular composite (MIC) chips with an uniform distribution of particles were firstly designed via a convenient and high-efficiency electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique at room temperature and under ambient pressure conditions. The mixture of isopropanol, polyethyleneimine, and benzoic acid proved to be an optimized dispersing agent for EPD. The kinetics of EPD for oxidants (Al) and reductants (MoO3) were systematically investigated, which contributed to adjusting the equivalence ratio of targeted energetic chips after changing the EPD dynamic behaviors of Al and MoO3 in suspension. In addition, the obtained nano-Al/MoO3 MIC energetic chips showed excellent heat-release performance with a high heat release of ca. 3340 J/g, and were successfully ignited with a dazzling flame recorded by a high-speed camera. Moreover, the fabrication method here is fully compatible with a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS), which suggests promising potential in designing and developing other MIC energetic chips or devices for micro-ignition/propulsion applications.
potential applications include micropropulsion, micro-detonator, automotive airbag, and micro-safety-and-arming devices. [6][7][8] Unfortunately, the common primary explosives are still lead azide (LA) and lead styphnate (LS), which suffer from lead contamination, low electrostatic security, and insufficient output energy. [9,10] Additionally, lead-based primary explosives hardly meet the integration requirements of MEMS explosive systems.
It is highly desired but still remains challenging to design a primary explosive‐based nanoparticle‐encapsulated conductive skeleton for the development of powerful yet safe energetic films employed in miniaturized explosive systems. Herein, a proof‐of‐concept electrochemical preparation of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) derived porous carbon embedding copper‐based azide (Cu(N3)2 or CuN3, CA) nanoparticles on copper substrate is described. A Cu‐based MOF, i.e., Cu‐BTC is fabricated based on anodized Cu(OH)2 nanorods, as a template, to achieve CA/C film through pyrolysis and electrochemical azidation. Such a CA/C film, which is woven by numerous ultrafine nanofibers, favorably demonstrates excellent energy release (945–2090 J g‐1), tunable electrostatic sensitivity (0.22–1.39 mJ), and considerable initiation ability. The performance is superior to most reported primary explosives, since the CA nanoparticles contribute to high brisance and the protection of the porous carbon network. Notably, the growth mechanism of the CA/C film is further disclosed by detailed experimental investigation and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. This work will offer new insight to design and develop a CA‐based primary explosive film for applications in advanced explosive systems.
“…These results also prove that the Al/PTFE nanolaminates are in a metastable reaction system consisting of fuel Al, oxidant PTFE, and inert layer Al-F compound. Small amounts of Al-F bonds which exist at the interfaces of Al/PTFE nanolaminates could prevent the continuous reaction between PTFE and Al, which are important components to keep high energy density and stability of the Al/PTFE nanolaminates [ 28 ]. Fig.…”
Integrating energetic materials on a chip has received great attention for its widely potential applications in the microscale energy consumption system, including electric initiation device. In this article, reactive Al/PTFE nanolaminates with periodic layer structure are prepared by magnetron sputtering, which consists of fuel Al, oxidant PTFE, and inert layer Al-F compound in a metastable system. The as-deposited Al/PTFE nanolaminates exhibit a significantly high energy output, and the onset temperature and the heat of reaction are 410 °C and 3034 J/g, respectively. Based on these properties, an integrated film bridge is designed and fabricated via integrating Al/PTFE nanolaminates with a Cu exploding foil, which exhibits enhanced energetic performances with more violent explosion phenomenon, larger quantities of ejected product, and higher plasma temperature in comparison with the Cu film bridge. The kinetic energy of flyers derived from the expansion of the Cu film bridge is also increased around 29.9% via integration with the Al/PTFE nanolaminates. Overall, the energetic performances can be improved substantially through a combination of the chemical reaction of Al/PTFE nanolaminates with the electric explosion of the Cu film bridge.
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