Design and fabrication of DR1/PC-based electro-optic switch

Abstract

A Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) electro-optic (E-O) switch based on a guest-host material DR1/PC was designed and fabricated. The optical properties and long-term stability of the material were studied. By optimizing the concentration of DR1, the DR1/PC material exhibited an E-O coefficient of 12.8 pm/V at 1310 nm. The characteristic parameters of the waveguide were calculated, and the fabrication process was strictly controlled. The MZI switch on-off time was found to be about 50 ns. The extinction ratio was measured to be about 13.4 dB. At room temperature, the switch could keep operating for at least 150 days.

Synergistic Antifungal Activity of Dialdehyde Chitosan Loaded with Copper Metal‐Organic Framework (Cu‐MOF)

“…Particular attention has been drawn to nanocomposite fungicides due to their high toxicity to fungal cells causing significant reduction in metabolic changes during protein synthesis due to oxidative stress [18] . Moreover, the inhibition of glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity increases as the framework degrades releasing more Cu 2+ nanoparticles hence affording enhanced interaction with fungal proteins −SH, −NH, and −COOH functional groups and subsequently modifying the structure and function of G6PD [58] …”

“…[18] Moreover, the inhibition of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity increases as the framework degrades releasing more Cu 2 + nanoparticles hence affording enhanced interaction with fungal proteins À SH, À NH, and À COOH functional groups and subsequently modifying the structure and function of G6PD. [58] The encapsulation of MOF with OCs ensures that it counters both the life cycle of the plant pathogens and physicochemical behavior while the presence of Cu either alone or in a combined form with OCs functions synergistically in compromising the fungal cell signaling pathways and thus the metabolic pathways leading to decreased fungal cell viability. [59] Figure 13.…”

Demonstration of a high-speed switch with coplanar waveguide electrodes based on electro-optic polymer-clad waveguides

“…The bisphenol-A epoxy was used as high-refractive index regulator. 30 Therefore, the concentration of DR1 was optimized to 28 wt%. Fig.…”

“…The refractive index of cladding material could be easily controlled from 1.503 to 1.574 (@1550 nm) through regulating the weight percent of bisphenol-A epoxy and DR1. 29,30 The refractive index of the EO polymer can be improved by increasing the proportion of DR1, and the EO coefficient is also improved. However, an excess of DR1 will led to the aggregation and increase the optical loss of the waveguide.…”

“…However, an excess of DR1 will led to the aggregation and increase the optical loss of the waveguide. 30 Therefore, the concentration of DR1 was optimized to 28 wt%.…”