Design and Fabrication of Automatic Voltage Stabilizer using Relay-Based Tap Changing of Transformer

Abstract

The growing demand for power, and fluctuations in the load present challenges for maintaining a stable and continuous voltage supply. A voltage stabilizer is an electrical appliance that is designed in such a way that it delivers a constant output voltage regardless of the variation in the input supply voltage. This research explores various measures aimed at stabilizing the voltage supply in the face of increasing power demand and fluctuations in load, to ensure a constant output voltage. To this end, a microcontroller-based Automatic Voltage Stabilizer is presented as a robust solution. A prototype of the device, with a power rating of 1kVA and operating at a frequency of 50 Hz, has been fabricated and includes components such as an autotransformer, relay board, voltage sensors, and an Arduino microcontroller. The autotransformer’s taping is adjusted in response to changes in the input voltage. Experimental results show that the prototype can effectively regulate the voltage output between 190V to 250V under a load of 300W.