Design and fabrication of an advanced TRISO fuel with ZrC coating

Porter, Ian Edward; Knight, Travis W.; Dulude, Michael Colson; Roberts, Elwyn; Hobbs, Jim

doi:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2013.03.004

Cited by 36 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…There are some other different improved designs of TRISO particle in literatures, for example, QUADRISO (Quadruple-isotropic) type [16], by adding an layer of burnable absorb outside the kernel to balance excess reactivity at the early stage of the fuel cycle and ATRISO (Advanced-Tristructural-isotropic) type [17], by inducing an additional ZrC layer acted as an oxygen getter as shown in Fig. 1.…”

Section: Design Concept Of the Improved Triso Particlementioning

confidence: 99%

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An improved design of TRISO particle with porous SiC inner layer by fluidized bed-chemical vapor deposition

Liu

Chang

et al. 2015

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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Section: Design Concept Of the Improved Triso Particlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the carbon layer is eliminated, the free oxygen produced will tend to react with SiC to form nongaseous product SiO 2 based on the RichardsoneEllingham Diagram [17]. This can reduce the total internal pressure of the particles compared with the formation of CO. (b) Reducing the risks of amoeba effect.…”

Section: Design Concept Of the Improved Triso Particlementioning

confidence: 99%

An improved design of TRISO particle with porous SiC inner layer by fluidized bed-chemical vapor deposition

Liu

Chang

et al. 2015

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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“…Generation IV high temperature nuclear reactors use TRISO (tristructural isotropic) particles for containment of radioactive fission products [1]. TRISO particles consist of uranium oxide coated uniformly with low density pyrocarbon, high density inner pyrocarbon, silicon carbide (SiC), and dense outer pyrocarbon [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The paper also details the development of a deposition process for the preparation and optimisation of ZrC coatings from ZrCl 4 -Ar-CH 4 -H 2 precursors using induction thermal CVD at atmospheric pressure. The objectives were: (1) to fabricate and develop the CVD system; and (2) to investigate the microstructure and composition of ZrC coatings deposited as a function of the input variables. In this study ZrC coatings were produced by CVD at temperatures ranging from 1200 °C to 1600 °C and CH 4 /ZrCl 4 molar ratios from 6.04 to 24.44.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimisation of the synthesis of ZrC coatings in a radio frequency induction-heating chemical vapour deposition system using response surface methodology

et al. 2017

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A chemical vapour deposition process using radio frequency induction heating operating at atmospheric pressure was developed for the deposition of ZrC coatings. The precursors utilised in this process were zirconium tetrachloride and methane as zirconium and carbon sources respectively, in an excess of hydrogen. Additionally, a stream of argon was used to, first, remove oxygen from the reactor and then to sweep the vapourised ZrCl 4 at 300 °C to the reaction chamber. The ZrC coatings were deposited on graphite substrates at substrate temperatures in the range of 1200 °C-1600 °C. The molar ratio of CH 4 /ZrCl 4 was varied from 6.04 to 24.44. Before the start of the deposition process, thermodynamic feasibility analysis for the growth of ZrC at atmospheric pressure was also carried out. Response surface methodology was applied to optimise the process parameters for the deposition of ZrC coatings. A central composite design was used to investigate the effects of temperature and molar ratio of CH 4 /ZrCl 4 on the growth rate, atomic ratio of C/Zr and crystallite size of ZrC 2 coatings. Quadratic statistical models for growth rate and crystallite size were established. The atomic ratio of C/Zr followed a linear trend. It was found that an increase in substrate temperature and CH 4 /ZrCl 4 ratio resulted in increased growth rate of ZrC coatings. The carbon content (and concomitantly the atomic ratio of C/Zr) in the deposited coatings increased with temperature and molar ratio of CH 4 /ZrCl 4. The substrate temperature of 1353.3°C and the CH 4 /ZrCl 4 molar ratio of 10.41 was determined as the optimal condition for growing near-stoichiometry ZrC coatings. The values were 1.03, 6.05 µm/h and 29.8 nm for C/Zr atomic percentage ratio, growth rate and average crystallite size respectively.

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“…TRISO particles need to withstand a working temperature as high as 1400 °C in the HTGR [4,5]. The high temperature accelerates degradation and decomposition of the SiC layer [6][7][8] and migration of the fuel kernel [9], leading to severe damage of the integrity of TRISO particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of thermal conductivity of the constituent layers in TRISO particles using Raman spectroscopy

Cao

Liu

Wang

et al. 2017

Journal of the European Ceramic Society

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The thermal conductivity of individual layer in the tristructural-isotropic fuel particle was evaluated using Raman spectroscopy. In this method, laser acted simultaneously as an excitation source and a heating source. A three-dimensional point-heating model was developed to estimate the local temperature rise in the probing volume of the laser. The thermal conductivity can be evaluated based on the dependences of the Raman peak position on the temperature and laser power. The calculated thermal conductivities were 8.9±0.2 W/m·°C, 13.9±1.5 W/m·°C and 11.9±0.9 W/m·°C for the buffer, the inner and the outer PyC layers, respectively. Contrastly, the thermal conductivity of the SiC layer was 4.1 W/m·°C, which is much lower than the reference value, e.g. 168 W/m·°C reported by López-Honorato et al. (J. Nucl. Mater. 378(1) 35-39, 2008). The uncertainty of employing Raman spectroscopy to determine thermal conducitvity was discussed.

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Design and fabrication of an advanced TRISO fuel with ZrC coating

Cited by 36 publications

References 10 publications

An improved design of TRISO particle with porous SiC inner layer by fluidized bed-chemical vapor deposition

An improved design of TRISO particle with porous SiC inner layer by fluidized bed-chemical vapor deposition

Optimisation of the synthesis of ZrC coatings in a radio frequency induction-heating chemical vapour deposition system using response surface methodology

Evaluation of thermal conductivity of the constituent layers in TRISO particles using Raman spectroscopy

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