Design and Fabrication of a CdMnTe Nuclear Radiation Detection System

Egarievwe, Stephen U.; James, R. B.; Israel, Mordecai B.; Banks, Alex D.; Drabo, Mebougna L.; Dunning, Keiandrea L.; Cook, Vintrell J.; Johnson, Frederick D.; Palmer, Shaunay M.; Roy, Utpal

doi:10.1109/southeastcon42311.2019.9020612

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…CdTe-based compounds such as (Cd,Zn)Te [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ], (Cd,Zn)(Te,Se) [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], (Cd,Mn)Te [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se) [ 25 , 26 ], (Cd,Mg)Te [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ], and Cd(Te,Se) [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ] are currently being tested as materials for room-temperature X- and gamma-ray detectors. In these nuclear detectors, it is crucial to maximize the flow of radiation-induced charge carriers through the detector volume to the respective electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridgman-Grown (Cd,Mn)Te and (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se): A Comparison of Suitability for X and Gamma Detectors

Masłowska,

Kochanowska,

Sulich

et al. 2024

Sensors

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This study explores the suitability of (Cd,Mn)Te and (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se) as room-temperature X-ray and gamma-ray detector materials, grown using the Bridgman method. The investigation compares their crystal structure, mechanical and optical properties, and radiation detection capabilities. Both crystals can yield large-area single crystal samples measuring approximately 30 × 30 mm2. In low-temperature photoluminescence analysis, both materials showed defect states, and annealing in cadmium vapors effectively eliminated donor–acceptor pair luminescence in (Cd,Mn)Te but not in (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se). Moreover, harder (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se) exhibited a higher etch pit density compared to softer (Cd,Mn)Te. X-ray diffraction examination revealed uniform lattice constant distribution in both compounds, with variations at a part per million level. (Cd,Mn)Te crystals demonstrated excellent single crystal properties with narrower omega scan widths, while (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se) exhibited a high contribution of block-like structures with significantly larger misorientation angles. Spectroscopic evaluations revealed better performance of a pixelated (Cd,Mn)Te detector, in comparison to (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se), achieving a mean full width at half maximum of 14% for the 122 keV gamma peak of Co-57. The reduced performance of the (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se) detector may be attributed to deep trap-related luminescence or block-like structures with larger misorientation angles. In conclusion, Bridgman-grown (Cd,Mn)Te emerges as a more promising material for X-ray and gamma-ray detectors when compared to (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridgman-Grown (Cd,Mn)Te and (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se): A Comparison of Suitability for X and Gamma Detectors

Masłowska,

Kochanowska,

Sulich

et al. 2024

Sensors

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“…One approach to growing CdTe-based materials with high crystal uniformity is to include elements such as Mn and Se that have segregation coefficients of ~1.0 in CdTe matrix. This has led to efforts to develop crystals such as cadmium manganese telluride (CdMnTe) [9]- [15] and cadmium telluride selenide (CdTeSe) [16], [17]. Recently, Roy et al spearheaded efforts in the development of the quaternary compound cadmium zinc telluride selenide (CdZnTeSe or CZTS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing CdZnTeSe Frisch-Grid Nuclear Detector for Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy

et al. 2020

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Wide bandgap semiconductor materials capable of detecting X-rays and gamma-rays at room temperature without cryogenic cooling have great advantages that include portability and wide-area deployment in nuclear and radiological threat defense. Additional major applications include medical imaging, spectroscopy, and astrophysics. Most current room-temperature ionizing radiation detector devices are fabricated from cadmium telluride (CdTe) and cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe). Cadmium zinc telluride selenide (CdZnTeSe or CZTS) can be grown with high crystal yield compared to CdTe and CdZnTe. Thus, CZTS has the advantage of lowering the cost of room-temperature nuclear detectors. Thick CdTe-based detectors are prone to the trapping of charge carriers, thus limiting energy resolution and efficiency. A Frisch-Grid configuration helps to solve this problem. This research is focused on optimizing the Frisch-grid configuration for a CZTS detector. The CZTS was grown by traveling heater method. Infrared images of the CZTS matrix largely showed the absence of tellurium inclusions. The resistivity of the CZTS obtained from a current-voltage plot is of the order of 10 10 Ω.cm. The charge-transport characterized by measuring the electron mobility-lifetime product is 4.7 x 10-3 cm 2 /V. Detector resolution was measured for various Frischring widths. For a 4.8 x 4.9 x 9.7 mm 3 detector, the best Frisch-ring widths were found to be 3-4 mm. A detector resolution of 1.35% full-width-at-half-maximum was obtained for the 3-mm width at-2300 V bias voltage for the 662-keV gamma peak of 137 Cs. A resolution of 1.36% was obtained for the 4-mm width at-1800 V applied bias. INDEX TERMS CdZnTeSe detectors, detector resolution, Frisch-grid, gamma-ray detector, nuclear radiation detector, traveling heater method, X-ray detector.

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