Design and fabrication of a miniaturized Gysel power divider using improved T‐shaped resonator

Abstract

A high-performance Gysel power divider showcasing high suppression factor and low insertion loss at 540 MHz has been designed, investigated, and fabricated in this paper. The proposed Gysel power divider is made up of replacing six identical resonators with conventional transmission lines. The proposed resonators, which have been analyzed using LC equivalent circuit analysis, are designed to have a small size, low insertion loss, wide stopband, and narrow transition band. The final tested results have indicated that the suggested power divider is able to suppress nine harmonics; moreover, it has only an insertion loss of 0.4 dB. Another positive feature of the power divider is its small size in comparison with a conventional power divider at this operating frequency, where it occupies 34.5 × 63.8 mm 2 equaling to 0.188 × 0.102 λ g 2 , where λ g is the wavelength guide at 540 MHz. This figure is 25% of a conventional Gysel, considered as a remarkable point.

Planarizing Gysel power divider/combiner with ring coupler

“…When the Gysel power divider is designed as planar structure and two-way, the common endpoints C 1 and C 2 can be placed at the same plane. [7][8][9] When the Gysel power divider is designed as a three-way planar structure, it is necessary to add one output to the circuit in Figure 2B that is symmetric with the other two. However, due to the limitations of space geometry, this layout cannot be realized.…”

“…It can be seen from the equivalent circuit of the traditional Gysel power divider as shown in Figure 1A that the common endpoints C 1 and C 2 are both located at the center of circuit and the whole circuit is symmetric. When the Gysel power divider is designed as planar structure and two‐way, the common endpoints C 1 and C 2 can be placed at the same plane 7–9 . When the Gysel power divider is designed as a three‐way planar structure, it is necessary to add one output to the circuit in Figure 2B that is symmetric with the other two.…”

“…7,8 Nevertheless, it typically possesses a threedimensional form factor, making it challenging to integrate more than a two-way configuration into a planar printed circuit design. [9][10][11] Jobs et al 12 proposed an eight-way Gysel power divider utilizing Rogers TMM3 5.08/1.27 mm substrates operating at 352 MHz. In this design, the Gysel circuit is placed on two separate substrates, and a shielding plate is inserted between the two boards to minimize coupling.…”

“…On the other hand, the Gysel power divider 6 offers the ability to achieve one to N ‐way ( N ≥ 2) power distribution through a single‐stage circuit 7,8 . Nevertheless, it typically possesses a three‐dimensional form factor, making it challenging to integrate more than a two‐way configuration into a planar printed circuit design 9–11 …”