Design and Fabrication of a Dual Protein-Based Trilayered Nanofibrous Scaffold for Efficient Wound Healing

Abstract

Chronic wound healing is a major threat all over the world. There are currently a plethora of biomaterials-based wound dressings available for wound healing applications. In this study, a dual protein-based (silk fibroin and sericin) nanofibrous scaffold from a natural source (B.mori silkworm cocoons) with antibacterial and antioxidative properties for wound healing was investigated. An electrospun layer-by-layer silk protein-based nanofibrous scaffold was fabricated with a top layer of hydrophobic silk fibroin protein blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a middle layer of waste protein silk sericin loaded with silver(I) sulfadiazine as an antibacterial agent, and a bottom layer using silk fibroin blended with polycaprolactone (PCL). The trilayered nanofibrous scaffold with a smooth and bead-free morphology demonstrated excellent wettability, slow in vitro degradation, controlled drug release, and potent antibacterial and antioxidant properties. In vitro, the scaffold also demonstrated excellent hemocompatibility and biocompatibility. Furthermore, in vivo wound contraction, histological, and micro-CT investigations show complete wound healing and the formation of new skin tissue in a male Balb/c mouse model treated with the scaffold. The antioxidant properties of the sericin protein and SSD-based triple-layered nanofibrous scaffold protect the wound from bacterial infection and improve wound healing in a mouse model. The current study develops a dual protein-based nanofibrous scaffold with antibacterial and antioxidant properties as a promising wound dressing material.

Cell‐instructive biomaterials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

“…The trilayered scaffold had controlled drug release, but also exhibited antioxidant properties to protect the wound from infection while improving healing. 55 A breathable, moisturizing, and anti-oxidative wound dressing based on the electrospinning of PVA was devised. The dressing contained natural polyphenols and saikosaponins to reduce oxidative stress in wounds.…”

“…A different study fabricated an electrospun multilayer nanofibrous scaffold composed of silk fibroin (SF) blended with PVA, silk sericin loaded with silver(I) sulfadiazine, and SF blended with PCL. The trilayered scaffold had controlled drug release, but also exhibited antioxidant properties to protect the wound from infection while improving healing 55 . A breathable, moisturizing, and anti‐oxidative wound dressing based on the electrospinning of PVA was devised.…”

Smart Nanofibrous Hydrogel Wound Dressings for Dynamic Infection Diagnosis and Control: Soft but Functionally Rigid

“…The growing interest in utilizing nanofiber-based hydrogels for wound management is attributed to their soft and characteristic nanofibrous structure. 24 This study introduces soft but functionally strengthened wound dressings in terms of enhanced water absorption, swellability, thermal-mechanical capabilities, excellent pH responsiveness, and remarkable antibacterial, antioxidant, and biocompatibility designed via the electrospinning process. The dressings consisted of hybrid hydrogel nanofibers comprising gelatin (GEL)/polycaprolactone (PCL).…”

“…The utilization of electrospinning proves to be a highly efficient approach for creating polymeric scaffolds that replicate the traits of the extracellular matrix (ECM). − This technique is distinguished by its simplicity, flexibility, and ability to produce a wide array of scaffolds. − Electrospinning encompasses single-fluid, bifluid, and multifluid techniques, with blended and emulsion methods falling under single-fluid, coaxial, and side-by-side configurations under bifluid methods, while multifluid approaches involve trifluid coaxial and four-fluid coaxial processes. − Owing to its extensive versatility, electrospinning has very high applicability in biomedicine, filtration, catalysis, energy, sensing, and optoelectronics. The growing interest in utilizing nanofiber-based hydrogels for wound management is attributed to their soft and characteristic nanofibrous structure . This study introduces soft but functionally strengthened wound dressings in terms of enhanced water absorption, swellability, thermal-mechanical capabilities, excellent pH responsiveness, and remarkable antibacterial, antioxidant, and biocompatibility designed via the electrospinning process.…”

Tuning foreign body response with tailor-engineered nanoscale surface modifications: fundamentals to clinical applications

“…122 Through trilayer nanofiber scaffolds, electrospun nanofiber scaffolds show considerable potential for managing chronic inflammation in tissue regeneration. 123 In contrast, multifunctional electrospun nanofiber dressings can channel surplus biofluid into improving wound healing. 124 Diabetic wound tissue regeneration necessitates using a wound dressing with a porous structure and antioxidant properties (SSD-PG-PVA/ KGM).…”