Design and fabrication of 60-Gb/s InP-based monolithic photoreceiver OEICs and modules

Abstract

An InP-based photoreceiver comprising a waveguide-integrated photodiode and a traveling-wave amplifier is presented, which allows dc-coupled interfacing to subsequent electronics without a bias-T. Getting rid of the bias-T provides cost savings of the receiver operations and improves the available bandwidth, gain and gain flatness. The redesigned receiver optoelectronic integrated circuit was fully packaged into a pigtailed module with a coaxial 1.85-mm connector. Its optoelectronic conversion capability for nonreturn-to-zero modulated data rates up to 66 Gb/s is shown

A 3-Gb/s optical detector in standard CMOS for 850-nm optical communication

“…In analogy to the gain-bandwidth product in amplifiers, a good FOM is the responsitivy at a certain reference frequency . Assume that this reference frequency is much higher than the cut-off frequency FOM (4) where the factor is the ratio between roll-off of the intrinsic photodiode response and first-order roll-off ( 20 dB/decade). Note that the roll-off of the diode is the average roll-off in the frequency band starting at the cut-off frequency up to the highest frequency of interest (5) For first-order systems, this FOM equals the ratio between the gain-bandwidth product and the reference frequency.…”

“…4 In this way, standard CMOS photodiodes can be used for high bit rates without sacrificing responsivity. The required equalization characteristic is the complement of the photodiode response: it has a low roll-up characteristic.…”

“…Accepting a small amount of intersymbol interference (ISI), the equalization of the intrinsic photodiode bandwidth must be at least up to 1 GHz. 5 The input impedance of the preamplifier 4 Equalization in itself is not a new technique, see, e.g., [22] for an overview of techniques and applications. However, usually the technique is applied to equalize for the channel response, which typically exhibits a relatively steep roll-off and which requires adaptive equalization.…”

Ultrafast photodetectors and receiver

“…This type of detector, comprising also a monolithic taper at its input waveguide facet, can be monolithically integrated to more complex types of detectors (twin, balanced) and is described comprehensively in sections 5.2-5.5. The monolithic integration with amplifiers is treated in sections 7 [12] and 8.…”

“…15) were fabricated employing a single-step MOVPE epitaxial approach for the WG-integrated PD layer stack, used within the integration scheme of broadband photoreceivers [12].…”