Design and Experimental Verification of a Passive Huygens’ Metasurface Lens for Gain Enhancement of Frequency-Scanning Slotted-Waveguide Antennas

Chen, Michael; Epstein, Ariel; Eleftheriades, George V.

doi:10.1109/tap.2019.2911591

Cited by 71 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…M ETASURFACES have been shown to enable versatile wavefront transformation, especially at microwave frequencies [1], [2]. They can enhance the directivity of antennas [3], [4], provide polarization control [5]- [8] and enable reconfigurability [9], [10]. Particular effort has been devoted to transforming the radiation of a compact non-directive source into directive radiation using passive metasurfaces [4], [11]- [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Huygens Metasurface Lens for W-Band Switched Beam Antenna Applications

Olk

Powell

2020

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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Switched beam antennas provide an efficient and cost effective alternative to complex phased array and digital beam forming techniques. In this paper, we present the design and characterization of an electrically thin Huygens metasurface lens operating at 83 GHz with high transmission efficiency and we demonstrate its applicability to switched beam antenna applications. We accurately characterize the 3D scattered field distribution and determine the focal length and transmission efficiency of the lens by near-field scanning. A model based on ideal Huygens sources is used to predict the focal performance, allowing the geometrical measurement parameters to be determined in advance. Finally, the ability of the lens to operate as a switched beam antenna is experimentally verified by exciting it with an omnidirectional waveguide antenna placed at different positions. The experimental results are in very good agreement with numerical simulations, showing steering angles up to 12 • while keeping the side lobe level below-15 dB.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Huygens Metasurface Lens for W-Band Switched Beam Antenna Applications

Olk

Powell

2020

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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“…The proposed antennas in [15], [16], and [20] are fabricated using air-filled waveguides. Therefore, they are not prone to substrate loss and are suitable for further length extension without degrading the radiation efficiency substantially.…”

Section: Comparison and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, none of them are useful for 2D beam steering. The antenna width in [15] and [16] is much larger than half-wavelength which prevents placing them side-byside to allow 2D beam-steering due to the formation of undesired grating lobes. In [20], the large gain variation of more than 10 dB throughout the steering range also makes this antenna not suitable for 2D beam-steering.…”

Section: Comparison and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The antenna array directivity can be found from (14) which is the result of multiplying the array factor (AF) by the element factor (EF). For a linear array with a uniform excitation, the array factor can be found from (15) and (16), where N is the number of radiating elements, k o is the wavenumber in vacuum, d is the slot spacing, β is the wavenumber in the waveguide, and φ is the angle at which the directivity is calculated [12]. As the array factor is fixed for a uniformly excited linear antenna array with a certain number of elements, we developed a favorable element factor in order to minimize the gain fluctuations for different steering angles.…”

Section: Array Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is limited by the length of the meandered branches and it is also not suitable for 2D scanning. In [16], Chen et al introduced a metasurface that narrows the beam of a frequency-scanned slotted-waveguide antenna in the non-scanning plane and hence increasing the gain. This approach leads to a considerable increase in the gain of a serpentine antenna but the presence and cost of an additional PCB structure might not be desirable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Frequency-Scanned Slow-Wave Waveguide Antenna at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

Ohadi

Eleftheriades

2020

IEEE Access

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In this paper we describe the design, theory, implementation, and measurement results of a novel frequency-scanned slow-wave slotted waveguide antenna. The slow-wave antenna is fabricated by periodically loading a standard WR22 waveguide using cylindrical posts. The antenna has a backward radiation and can steer the beam from-72 o to-12 o by changing the frequency from 32.5 GHz to 37.4 GHz. The gain of the antenna remains within a 3 dB range from the maximum gain of 17 dBi throughout the steering range. The antenna is 29λ in length and 0.69λ in width. The antenna radiation efficiency is between 74% and 92% throughout its frequency range which allows for further extension of its length in order to achieve a higher gain and a smaller beamwidth. Moreover, the small lateral width of the antenna allows placing several of them side-by-side to either narrow or facilitate scanning the beam in the transverse plane. The antenna has a fast and constant scanning rate of 4.3 o over a 1% bandwidth and a return loss of less than-10 dB throughout its operating frequency range.

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Tailorable Switching of Transmission Modes between Waveguide and Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton for Flexible and Dynamic Control of Phase Shift

Qin

Wang

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Programmable metamaterials are suitable for their dynamic and real-time control capabilities of electromagnetic (EM) functions in radars and antenna communications, but it remains a challenge to achieve dynamic modulation of arbitrary transmission phase with high transmission efficiency. Here, we propose a paradigm to tailor transmission phase shift in real time by switching modes between waveguide and SSPP based on the voltage-driven PIN diodes. Step-like phase shift is achieved by the “ON” and “OFF” states of PIN diodes, while continuous phase regulation is by the characteristic of the nonlinear region between those two states. As validations, three systems with programmable functionalities are implemented, including the multibeam generator, the dual-beam scanner, and the active phased-array antenna. The experimental results are consistent with simulation, which verify the feasibility of the proposed approach. Our work offers an alternative route for transmission full-phase modulation and provides unprecedented potential for high-gain, real-time, and multidimensional EM capabilities in applications such as active phased array radars, self-adaption radomes, smart beam shaping.

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Design and Experimental Verification of a Passive Huygens’ Metasurface Lens for Gain Enhancement of Frequency-Scanning Slotted-Waveguide Antennas

Cited by 71 publications

References 63 publications

Huygens Metasurface Lens for W-Band Switched Beam Antenna Applications

Huygens Metasurface Lens for W-Band Switched Beam Antenna Applications

A Frequency-Scanned Slow-Wave Waveguide Antenna at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

Tailorable Switching of Transmission Modes between Waveguide and Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton for Flexible and Dynamic Control of Phase Shift

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