Design and Evaluation of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in Real-World Environment

Trichopoulos, Georgios C.; Theofanopoulos, Panagiotis C.; Kashyap, Bharath G.; Shekhawat, Aditya S.; Modi, Anuj Y.; Osman, Tawfik; Kumar, Sanjay K.V.; Sengar, Anand Pratap Singh; Chang, Arkajyoti; Alkhateeb, Ahmed

doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2022.3158310

Cited by 111 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…We used the unit cell structure of [25], which had two operation states (switch ON and OFF) that caused nearly 180 • variation of the phase of the scattered field at 5.8 GHz, to construct a 16 × 16 RIS. There were two effective unit cell CRCSs that were obtained by the RIS with all switches ON and OFF, respectively.…”

Section: A Computation Of Effective Unit Cell Crcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Computation of Scattered Fields from Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Propagation Modeling

Liu¹,

Sarris²

2023

Preprint

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<p>Most existing path loss models for radio links enabled by reconfigurable intelligence surfaces (RISs) have been derived by assuming that each unit cell of these surfaces scatters incident waves individually. However, unit cells are mutually coupled and scatter collectively, as expressed by the complex radar cross-section (CRCS) of the surface. The CRCS can be computed by full-wave analysis, but this analysis has to be repeated for each of the many states of the RIS, requiring excessive resources. We present an approximate method to efficiently compute the CRCS of an RIS at any state, without repeated full-wave simulations. Our method accounts for the mutual coupling of unit cells and allows us to estimate the scattered fields in the main scattering direction of the RIS, at an accuracy that is comparable to full-wave analysis. Integrating this method with ray-tracing enables the modeling of wireless propagation in realistic, RIS-enabled communication channels over multiple RIS states. </p>

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Section: A Computation Of Effective Unit Cell Crcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Computation of Scattered Fields from Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Propagation Modeling

Liu¹,

Sarris²

2023

Preprint

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“…Radiating elements, control circuitry using PIN diodes or varactors, and a controller or field-programmable gate array (FPGA) [ 213 , 214 ]. RIS technology is still in its infancy; however, most of the development aspects of RIS are presented in detail in [ 215 , 216 ]. Furthermore, beamforming development with RIS is studied in [ 217 , 218 , 219 ].…”

Section: Research Opportunities and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter-Wave Smart Antenna Solutions for URLLC in Industry 4.0 and Beyond

Jabbar

Abbasi

Anjum

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Industry 4.0 is a new paradigm of digitalization and automation that demands high data rates and real-time ultra-reliable agile communication. Industrial communication at sub-6 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands has some serious impediments, such as interference, spectral congestion, and limited bandwidth. These limitations hinder the high throughput and reliability requirements of modern industrial applications and mission-critical scenarios. In this paper, we critically assess the potential of the 60 GHz millimeter-wave (mmWave) ISM band as an enabler for ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) in smart manufacturing, smart factories, and mission-critical operations in Industry 4.0 and beyond. A holistic overview of 60 GHz wireless standards and key performance indicators are discussed. Then the review of 60 GHz smart antenna systems facilitating agile communication for Industry 4.0 and beyond is presented. We envisage that the use of 60 GHz communication and smart antenna systems are crucial for modern industrial communication so that URLLC in Industry 4.0 and beyond could soar to its full potential.

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“…Under such a setting, the EM interference from the environment is blocked and cannot reflect the exact propagation conditions that the system might face. For the commercial use of the IOS, efforts are needed to make some measurements for typical outdoor scenarios [125], and develop unique techniques to deal with the interference EM from the environment. • Higher Frequency: In future wireless communication systems, mmWave [126] and THz [127] have attracted much attention as a higher working frequency can provide a wider bandwidth.…”

Section: E Summary and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Omni-Surfaces: Simultaneous Refraction and Reflection for Full-Dimensional Wireless Communications

Zhang

2022

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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The development of metasurfaces has unlocked various use cases in wireless communication networks to improve performance by manipulating the propagation environment. Intelligent omni-surface (IOS), an innovative technique in this category, is proposed for coverage extension. In contrast to the widely studied reflective metasurfaces, i.e., intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs), which can only serve receivers located on the same side of the transmitter, the IOS can achieve full-dimensional wireless communications by enabling the simultaneous reflection and refraction of the surface, and thus users on both sides can be served. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in IOS from the perspective of wireless communications, with the emphasis on their design principles, channel modeling, beamforming design, experimental implementation and measurements, as well as possible applications in future cellular networks. We first describe the basic concepts of metasurfaces, and introduce the corresponding design principles for different types of metasurfaces. Moreover, we elaborate on the reflective-refractive model for each IOS element and the channel model for IOS-aided wireless communication systems. Furthermore, we show how to achieve full-dimensional wireless communications with the IOS for three different scenarios.In particular, we present the implementation of an IOS-aided wireless communication prototype and report its experimental measurement results. Finally, we outline some potential future directions and challenges in this area.

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Design and Evaluation of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in Real-World Environment

Cited by 111 publications

References 50 publications

Efficient Computation of Scattered Fields from Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Propagation Modeling

Efficient Computation of Scattered Fields from Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Propagation Modeling

Millimeter-Wave Smart Antenna Solutions for URLLC in Industry 4.0 and Beyond

Intelligent Omni-Surfaces: Simultaneous Refraction and Reflection for Full-Dimensional Wireless Communications

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