Design and evaluation of Raman reporters for the Raman-silent region

Plakas, Konstantinos; Rosch, Lauren E.; Clark, Michael; Adbul-Rashed, Shukree; Shaffer, Travis M.; Harmsen, Stefan; Gambhir, Sanjiv S.; Detty, Michael R.

doi:10.7150/ntno.58965

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…9CN‐TePY showed a maximum absorption wavelength of 698 nm, which is 28 nm longer than that of 9‐cyano pyronin Y (9CN‐PY), an O‐core derivative (Table 1, Figure 2a, 2b). The SRS spectrum showed a strong single peak at 2217 cm −1 in the cell‐silent region, as observed with other 9‐cyano‐10‐chalcogen‐pyronin derivatives [19] (Table 1, Figure 2c). The relative Raman intensity versus EdU (RIE), [20] which is commonly used as an index of the brightness of Raman probes, was 80, approaching that of other EPR‐SRS dyes available for bioimaging, such as MARS 2238 (RIE=108) [9,12] .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

9‐Cyano‐10‐telluriumpyronin Derivatives as Red‐light‐activatable Raman Probes

Kawatani

Spratt

Fujioka

et al. 2022

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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Photoactivatable fluorescence probes can track the dynamics of specific cells or biomolecules with high spatiotemporal resolution, but their broad absorption and emission peaks limit the number of wavelength windows that can be employed simultaneously. In contrast, the narrower peak width of Raman signals offers more scope for simultaneous discrimination of multiple targets, and therefore a palette of photoactivatable Raman probes would enable more comprehensive investigation of biological phenomena. Herein we report 9‐cyano‐10‐telluriumpyronin (9CN‐TeP) derivatives as photoactivatable Raman probes whose stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) intensity is enhanced by photooxidation of the tellurium atom. Modification to increase the stability of the oxidation product led to a julolidine‐like derivative, 9CN‐diMeJTeP, which is photo‐oxidized at the tellurium atom by red light irradiation to afford a sufficiently stable oxidation product with strong electronic pre‐resonance, resulting in a bathochromic shift of the absorption spectrum and increased SRS intensity.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

9‐Cyano‐10‐telluriumpyronin Derivatives as Red‐light‐activatable Raman Probes

Kawatani

Spratt

Fujioka

et al. 2022

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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“…This result is in line with previous reports on the molecule structure‐dependent Raman intensity of different Raman reporters, which further affects the performance of SERS platforms. [ 47,48 ] Besides, we observed a ≈82% decrease of MBA‐peak intensity in RGD–pAS@AuNC group with MBA loaded into mSiO 2 shell when compared to RGD–pAS@AuNC group with MBA directly conjugated to ASNP core (Figure S12c, Supporting Information), suggesting that the EM field enhancement of conjugated MBA molecules in our platform is stronger than that of loaded DOX molecules in the mSiO 2 shell. Consistently, the FDTD simulation results in a literature precedent suggested that the strength of the EM field within the hot spot of an Au‐based nano core‐shell structure is a gradient depending on the distance to the core for core‐shell asymmetric coupling.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

A Multilayered Mesoporous Gold Nanoarchitecture for Ultraeffective Near‐Infrared Light‐Controlled Chemo/Photothermal Therapy for Cancer Guided by SERS Imaging

Yin

Xia

et al. 2023

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NPs) with unique optical properties have emerged as one of the most exciting tools in nanomedicine, capable of achieving multiple tasks such as optical imaging, [2] targeted chemotherapy, [3] and localized photothermal therapy (PTT), [4][5][6] for efficient tumor theragnostics and preventing tumor recurrence. Prior to the therapy, the solid tumor can be spatially visualized by NP-based imaging techniques for precise diagnosis. Among various NPenhanced imaging technologies, surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has exhibited great potential for ultrasensitive biological imaging with advantages of low-cost, non-ionizing excitation light, the unique vibrational spectrum, ultra-narrow spectral line-width, high resistance to photo bleaching, and high signal-to-noise ratio. [7,8] Especially, it has been employed for tracking the biodistribution of injected NPs in vivo systems. For instance, Campbell et al. used Raman imaging to evaluate the biodistribution and clearance kinetics of plamonic NPs together with other techniques, including positron emission tomography (microPET), hyperspectral imaging, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) over 48 h post-ingestion, [9] suggesting the reliability of translating high-sensitivity Raman contrast imaging into clinical practice. Therefore, there is high demand for developing strong NP-constructed SERS tags that show great prospects for effective optical guidance of tumor identification and imaging. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) imaging has emerged as a promising tool for guided cancer diagnosis and synergistic therapies, such as combined chemotherapy and photothermal therapy (chemo-PTT). Yet, existing therapeutic agents often suffer from low SERS sensitivity, insufficient photothermal conversion, or/and limited drug loading capacity. Herein, a multifunctional theragnostic nanoplatform consisting of mesoporous silicacoated gold nanostar with a cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-coated gold nanocluster shell (named RGD-pAS@AuNC) is reported that exhibits multiple "hot spots" for pronouncedly enhanced SERS signals and improved nearinfrared (NIR)-induced photothermal conversion efficiency (85.5%), with a large capacity for high doxorubicin (DOX) loading efficiency (34.1%, named RGD/DOX-pAS@AuNC) and effective NIR-triggered DOX release. This nanoplatform shows excellent performance in xenograft tumor model of HeLa cell targeting, negligible cytotoxicity, and good stability both in vitro and in vivo. By SERS imaging, the optimal temporal distribution of injected RGD/ DOX-pAS@AuNCs at the tumor site is identified for NIR-triggered local chemo-PTT toward the tumor, achieving ultraeffective therapy in tumor cells and tumor-bearing mouse model with 5 min of NIR irradiation (0.5 W cm −2 ). This work offers a promising approach to employing SERS imaging for effective noninvasive tumor treatment by on-site triggered chemo-PTT.

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“…On a different note, Plakas et al have modified pyrylium dyes by incorporating alkynes in their chemical structure and altering their functionality in order to produce Raman reporters for the cell – silent region. 85 The pyrylium-and xanthylium dyes were later adsorbed on gold nanoparticles and identified to be potential candidates for SERS applications at 638 and 785 nm excitation wavelength.…”

Section: Molecular Labelling At the Cell – Silent Raman Window And Ap...mentioning

confidence: 99%