Articles
AI MAGAZINE Modeling is regarded as fundamental to human cognition and scientific inquiry (Schwarz and White 2005). It helps learners express and externalize their thinking, visualize and test components of their theories, and make materials more interesting. Particularly, the importance of learners constructing conceptual interpretations of system behavior has been pointed out many times (Mettes and Roossink [1981], Elio and Sharf [1990], Ploetzner and Spada [1998], Frederiksen andWhite [2002]). Modeling environments can thus make a significant contribution to the improvement of science education.A new class of knowledge construction tools is emerging that uses logic-based (symbolic, nonnumeric) representations for expressing conceptual systems knowledge (