Design and Evaluation of Controlled-Release W/O/W Multiple-Emulsion Oral Liquid Delivery System of Chlorpheniramine Maleate

Abstract

A type of dosage form (similar to the liposomal drug delivery system), w/o/w liquid membrane capsular delivery system, has been developed for controlling the drug release. Chlorpheniramine maleate was used as a model drug. Extensive work was planned and meticulously executed for evolving a stabilization process of the designed multiple emulsion. The problem was tackled from diflerent angles such as choice of emulsifier and viscosity builder and their concentrations, the HLB values of the emulsijiers, phase volume ratio both in case of primary emulsijication (4 w/o), and secondary emulsijication (4 w/o/w), manufacturing procedures, etc., from the first to the last step. Study of various parameters ultimately culminated in a marketable stable product rhat is expected to keep its physical stability over a period of 12 to 18 months, which will cover the usual shelflife of a pharmaceutical preparation. Evaluation of this system showed a gradual and consistent drug release from the delivery system by a modified dialysis method through Visking selective permeable tubing.

Multiple Emulsions: An Overview

“…Incorporation of the co-emulsifier increases the compaticity, elasticity and temperature stability of multiple emulsions [85]. Many thickening agents (acacia, tragacanth, sodium alginate, methyl cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose) were optimized for giving most stable emulsion [87]. Cherry gum was having outstanding film-forming properties (liquid crystal-bearing interfacial films) and the effect of its addition to aqueous phase led to decreased coalescence of emulsion globules [86].…”

Effect of the Interfacial Tension on the Stability of Silica Stabilized Pickering Emulsions near the Lower Critical Solution Temperature of 2,6-Lutidine - Water Mixtures

“…In such systems, fine particles adsorbed at the oil-water interface reduce the interfacial energy and generate mechanical barrier against the merging of emulsion droplets. However, as in the surfactant stabilized emulsions, some applications, such as the enhanced oil recovery 4,5) , controlled release of drugs 6,7) and sewage treatments 8,9) , the demulsification of Pickering emulsions is also an important issue. In this point of view, the high stability of Pickering emulsions compared to surfactant stabilized emulsions becomes its disadvantage.…”

Comparison of Lipiodol Water-in-Oil-in-Water Emulsion and Oil-in-Water Emulsion: Acute Toxicity and Deposition in Liver after Hepatic Arterial Administration in Rats

“…The latter system is dif®cult to use because the external phase is oil. A water-in-oil-in-water (waoaw) emulsion system is a candidate drug carrier because of encapsulation of the agent by oil membranes and low viscosity due to the external aqueous phase (Cole & Whateley 1997;Ghosh et al 1997). Many problems need to be overcome for parenteral use of waoaw emulsions, such as the biocompatibility of oil and surfactant, sterilization and instability during storage.…”