Design and Development of Stand-Alone Renewable Energy based Hybrid Power System for Remote Base Transceiver Station

Abstract

Due to the increasing number of mobile users, there is a huge demand of Base Transceiver Station (BTS) particularly in rural and semi urban areas. These BTS are operated on diesel generator (DG) and also connected with the existing grid supply. However, the grid supply is rarely available in most of the remote locations. Therefore, diesel generators are mainly used for providing the continuous supply to BTS and causes lot of emissions.In view of the above problems, a renewable energy based hybrid power system is proposed to fulfill the requirement of BTS. In this work, a hybrid model based on solar photovoltaic (SPV)/battery/diesel generator (DG) set is proposed for remote BTS application using HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable) software. Further, technoeconomic analysis with environmental benefits has been done and presented in this paper. In addition, sensitivity analysis has been performed for the proposed model. The proposed model gives reduced cost of energy (COE) of $ 0.217 as compared to $ 0.266 of the existing diesel generator system. Also, the reduction in CO 2, CO , UHC, PM, SO x and NO x emission is 17.138, 0.419, 0.0473, 0.0318, 0.344, 3.78 tonnes per year respectively.

A Sustainable Business Framework Using Solar and Bio-Energy to Instate Incessant Power in Rural India: Optimal Scheduling, Smart Metering, and Economic Viability

“…Some of them used battery as backup power, which become expensive; while others don't have any plan for backup power. Some authors have shown that it is more economical if solar and/or wind is used in combination with biogas to form the micro-grid [3], [5], [7], [10]- [12], [14]- [16], [18], [20], [23], [46]; depending on the location type it is suitable to use wind , solar, biogas for power generation but what if the stored battery power is consumed, grid is not available for much time.Also, most of these microgrids require separate locations for both solar and biogas power plants, and this may increase the land need inciting added capital expense. Optimal sizing of the system with different renewable sources based on availability and demand using various multi-objective functions are shown in [1], [2], [5]- [7], [9], [10], [15], [16], [18], [19], [22], [47], [48], [50], [51] but there are no provisions for exigencies.…”

“…Optimal sizing of the system with different renewable sources based on availability and demand using various multi-objective functions are shown in [1], [2], [5]- [7], [9], [10], [15], [16], [18], [19], [22], [47], [48], [50], [51] but there are no provisions for exigencies. A business model to some extent is developed in [4], [5], [9], [11], [17], [21]- [23], [25], [28], [34], [52] but they either include spot market rate, cost of equipment's or capital cost but lacks the real time cost of equipment's, interest rate, incentive. the proposed model has all the factors according to the current market rates including capital cost, land, incentive, equipment's, current electricity rate, risk factor, GHG emissions.…”

Stability analysis of two port renewable energy interface for telecom applications

“…Telecom tower requires uninterrupted power supply. Base Transceiver Station (BTS) networks in rural areas continue to rely heavily on diesel generators because of paucity of reliable grid power and high cost of energy (Anand et al , 2017). This increases the focus on powering telecom towers through renewable energy sources.…”

Renewable energy-based hybrid model for rural electrification

“…Further, the major part of energy requirements is met through fossil fuels that create environmental pollutions including greenhouse gas emissions, global warming, acid rain, health issues, etc. (Anand et al, 2017a;Chauhan and Saini, 2016a;Kanase-Patil et al, 2011). In India, 70% of total population lives in rural areas and about 30% households do not have access of electricity.…”