Design and development of polysaccharide hemostatic materials and their hemostatic mechanism

Abstract

The formation of stable blood clots or hemostasis is essential to prevent major blood loss and death from excessive bleeding. However, the body's own coagulation process is not able to accomplish timely hemostasis without the assistance of hemostatic agents. For developing novel topical hemostatic agents, tissue adhesives and sealants, it is necessary to understand the coagulation process and the hemostasis mechanism of different materials. Among hemostatic materials, polysaccharides are naturally derived polymers having excellent biodegradable and biocompatible properties. This review provides an overview of polysaccharide-based hemostatic materials and agents, including their advantages and drawbacks in hemostatic applications. Furthermore, polysaccharide-based hemostatic materials with anti-microbial and healing functions are also introduced.

Physical Double‐Network Hydrogel Adhesives with Rapid Shape Adaptability, Fast Self‐Healing, Antioxidant and NIR/pH Stimulus‐Responsiveness for Multidrug‐Resistant Bacterial Infection and Removable Wound Dressing

“…[ 42 ] In addition, UPy components had hydrophobic property, and increased UPy components might improve the protein adsorption of hydrogel surface in the blood, accelerating blood clotting. [ 43 ] The results demonstrated that the PEGSD2/GTU5.0 and PEGSD2/GTU7.5 could accelerate the blood clotting.…”

Tannic Acid Cross‐linked Polysaccharide‐Based Multifunctional Hemostatic Microparticles for the Regulation of Rapid Wound Healing

“…New hemostatic microparticles based on different hemostatic mechanisms had attracted researchers’ enthusiasm. Inspired by the excellent performance of MPH, with the aim of multifunctionalization, more and more multifunctional HMs had been developed . As a bio‐copolymer comprising glucosamine and N ‐acetylglucosamine, chitosan was the alkaline deacetylated product of chitin, and had properties of nontoxicity, biocompatible moisture retention, and being inexpensive .…”

Activated Platelet‐Derived Vesicles for Efficient Hemostatic Activity

“…To mimic platelets, several peptides and antibodies that bind to vWF, collagen, αIIbβ3, and fibrin have been conjugated onto liposomes and polymeric particles 14–17. However, there are still challenging limitations in platelet‐mimicking particles, including complicated conjugation processes and easy clearance by immune systems 18–21. To overcome these limitations, we recently proposed the fabrication of platelet‐derived nanosized vesicles (VEs) as a novel hemostatic biomaterial 22.…”