Design and development of dental implants

Abstract

Dental implants have emerged as an important treatment in modern dentistry for repairing lost teeth, providing patients with enhanced oral function, aesthetics, and overall quality of life. An optimal dental implant minimizes peak stress values at the interface between the implant and the bone while optimizing anchoring strength in the human jawbone under specified standard loads. Implant design controls stress concentration at the bone-implant interface, which influences the biological reaction of the bone. This paper models an optimal thread design to minimize stress distribution surrounding the jawbone. Cylindrical dental implants with micro-threading and square threading improve anchoring and reduce screw loosening, thereby optimizing performance. Biomaterials used in the implant also play a major role. Ni-Ti shape memory alloys (SMAs) have unique characteristics such as biocompatibility, excellent wear and corrosion resistance, and functional features like superelasticity and the shape memory effect, making them suitable for a wide range of biomedical applications. Dental implant design has focused on modifying the shape, size, material, and surface topography to meet market demands. Consequently, the modeling of a dental implant with an improved threading type in the implant body has been accomplished with precise dimensions using SolidWorks 3D CAD software. COMSOL Multiphysics, based on finite element analysis, is then used to analyze the biomechanical properties by importing an STL file from SolidWorks. Several biomechanical factors affect the effectiveness of dental implants, including the nature of loading, the properties of the material used, the shape and geometry of the implants, the quantity and quality of bone around the implants, the surgical technique, and the degree of rapid integration of the implant surface with the jawbone.