Design And Determination Of The Sample Size In Medical Research

Habib, Arif; johargy, Ayman; Mahmood, Khalid; Humma, Humma

doi:10.9790/0853-13562131

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The sample size of 300 (150 each for cases and controls) children was calculated using the formula of difference in proportions [ 16 ], 80% power, 95% confidence level, prevalence of stunting in control children, 33.1% [ 4 ] and determination of at least an odds ratio of 2. Simple random sampling was used to recruit both cases and controls.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young maternal age is a risk factor for child undernutrition in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana

et al. 2018

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ObjectiveMalnutrition is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children. The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional status of children under 5 years of teenage and adult mothers in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. A case–control study involving 300 (150 cases, 150 controls) mother–child pairs was carried out. A questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics of mothers and children and anthropometry was used to assess the nutritional status of children. Anthropometric z-scores derived based on WHO Child Growth Standards were used to determine stunting, wasting and underweight statuses of children. Logistic regression analysis was used to compare the nutritional status of children of teenage and adult mothers.ResultsChildren of teenage mothers, compared to those of adult mothers, were 8 times more likely to be stunted [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 7.56; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.20–13.63], 3 times more likely to be wasted (AOR = 2.90; 95% CI 1.04–8.04), and 13 times more likely to be underweight (AOR = 12.78; 95% CI 4.69–34.81) after adjusting for potential confounders. The risk of child malnutrition increases with young maternal age; interventions should be targeted at teenage mothers and their children to reduce the risk of malnutrition.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3980-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young maternal age is a risk factor for child undernutrition in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana

et al. 2018

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“…Considering the MPR vaccine coverage of 86.7% [17], it was possible to provide an estimation of the number of interviews necessary to obtain valid data [29][30][31]. We considered a À10% of MPR vaccine coverage as ''worst acceptable" for results to find a very conservative value.…”

Section: Population and Sample Size Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudes towards compulsory vaccination in Italy: Results from the NAVIDAD multicentre study

Gualano¹,

Bert²,

Voglino³

et al. 2018

Vaccine

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“…The minimum sample size required was 28. We considered a margin of 20% for the adjustment of withdrawals, missing data, and lost to follow‐up and selected the participants accordingly.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of a brief stress management intervention in male college students

Kim

Lee

et al. 2017

Perspect Psychiatr Care

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Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of a brief stress management intervention on depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and aggression among Korean male college students. Design and Methods:In a repeated measures design, participants were assessed before, immediately after, and 3 months after the intervention. Data of 40 experimental and 32 control participants were analyzed using linear mixed models.Findings: There were significant time-by-group interaction effects for depression and trait anxiety, but not for state anxiety, suicidal ideation, and aggression.Practice Implications: The intervention has long-term effects for depression and trait anxiety.Future research should involve a randomized controlled trial on a larger scale. K E Y W O R D Scollege students, mental health, stress management While transitioning from adolescence to adulthood, college students face multiple stressful situations, including adapting to university life, academic overload, constant pressure to succeed, and concerns about the future. 1,2 Out of the stress areas in this period, concerns regarding academic achievement and the future are reported to be the most stressful among Korean college students. 3,33 Korean adolescents experience intense pressure to perform well at school and gain admission into a good university; after entering college, they encounter excessive competition on campus due to the high youth unemployment rate in Korea. 4 High levels of stress are significantly associated with emotional and behavioral problems among college students, including depression, 1 aggression, 5 and alcohol consumption. 3 Additionally, academic stress has been associated with anxiety 6 and suicidal ideation. 7 However, not enough appropriate programs are available to support their mental health. 7 Previous studies have reported gender differences in stress responses and management. In a study of cortisol responses to stress conditions, it was found that men were more physiologically reactive to achievement-related stressors, whereas women were more reactive to social stressors. 8 Taylor et al. 9 suggested that stress responses are characterized by "fight-or-flight" in men and "tend-and-befriend" in women, that is, while men either confront or avoid the stressful situation, women protect themselves by forming social networks.Considering the gender differences in stress, coping, and illness among college students, stress interventions based on gender are required. 10 During group psychotherapy, homogeneous groups report higher cohesiveness and greater satisfaction with the treatment compared with heterogeneous groups. 11 Although reports suggest that women are more aware of the influence of stress on mental health and importance of stress management compared with men, 12 few studies have exclusively focused on male college students. 13 The present study attempts to fill this gap.The conceptual framework for this study was based on the transactional model of stress and coping, 14 which is a framework for evaluating proce...

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Design And Determination Of The Sample Size In Medical Research

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Young maternal age is a risk factor for child undernutrition in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana

Young maternal age is a risk factor for child undernutrition in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana

Attitudes towards compulsory vaccination in Italy: Results from the NAVIDAD multicentre study

Effectiveness of a brief stress management intervention in male college students

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